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THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,
INCLUDING
ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.
(BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’)
CONDUCTED BY
ALBERT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Ph.D.; F.B.S., WILLIAM S. DALLAS, F.LS., WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S.,
AND
WILLIAM FRANCIS, Ph.D., F.L.S.
% \
VOL. VI.—FIFTH SERIESJH<csonian Incas as Sti,
f &,
( 22\05
\Qlonain eS, LONDON:
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS.
S0LD BY LONGMANS, GREEN, READER, AND DYER ; SIMPKIN, MARSHALL; AND CO.; KENT AND CO.; WHITTAKER AND CO.: BAILLIERE, PARIS; MACLACHLAN AND STEWART, EDINBURGH :
HODGES, FOSTER, AND CO., DUBLIN: AND ASHER, BERLIN.
1880.
“ Omnes res create sunt divine sapientic et potenti testes, divitiax felicitatis humane :—ex harum usu Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini; ex ceconomid in conseryatione, proportione, renoyatione, potcentia majestatis elucet. Harum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper xstimata ; 4 veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper inimica fuit.”—Linnxvs.
“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu'elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor- tent toutes ses opérations.”—Brucxnur, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden,
1767,
9.5005 0 Gm Gao oO: dMaeleylyenan joey ree Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne, All, all to us unlock their secret stores And pay their cheerful tribute. J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818.
CONTENTS OF VOL. VI.
[FIFTH SERIES. ]
NUMBER XXXI.
Page I. New Species of Crustacea from New Zealand. By Grorer M. PoC RESONGAECUE LALO Ma }e talehcctne alae treats cies cic maude ie wai tara steele Kk II. A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Fish-fauna of the Rio de la Plata. By Dr. A. Ginruer, F.R.S., Keeper of the Zoological Department, British Museum. (Plate II.)............... Soeh Bod 7 III. Description of a new Species of Palinurus. By T. W. Kirk, Assistant in the Colonial Museum, Wellington, N. Z. ............ 14 IV. Additions to the List of New-Zealand Marine Mollusca. By Tuomas W. Krrx, Assistant in the Colonial Museum, N. Z....... 15 V. On the Geological Distribution of the Rhabdophora. “By CATA SMUAP WORTH EGGS) BG) s..c)5 vlole nis bei dn sane days cea: VI. On the Internal Structure of the Brain of Limulus polyphemus. BRA Se ENG IGA ENS het sles Parelor statute aster tic sl creletateter lata tovetenccaeseteye 29
VII. On anew Species of Chiton lately found on the British Coasts. Eyed GW SIN cl RSENS, GESTS Se aie. a wis niece's aie.» 0 cia: vieseliniaisiaie 33
VIII. Report on Specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. By H. J. Carrer, F.R.S. &. (Plates 1V.-VI.) ...... 35
IX. Descriptions of new Species of Asiatic Lepidoptera Heterocera.
By Arruur G. ButueEr, F.LS., F.Z.S., Ke. ST avahciss ebOR ROM Med ate hah 6] X. Contributions towards a General History of the Marine Polyzoa.
By the Rev. Tuoma® Hincxs, B.A., F.R.S. (Plates IX., X., XI.) 69
XI. Descriptions of a new Cicindelid and a new Cetoniid from Kast Africa. By Cuartus O. WATERHOUSE ............-000e: 92
iv CONTENTS.
Page New Books:—Zoological Classification: a Handy Book of Reference, with Tables of the Subkingdoms, Classes, Orders, &c. of the Animal Kingdom, their Characters, and Lists of the Families and principal Genera. By Francis P. Pascor, F.L.S. Second Edition, with Additions and a Glossary.—A Monograph of the Silurian Fossils of the Girvan District in Ayrshire. By H. A. Nicuoxson, M.D., D.Se., &c., and R. Erueriper, Jun., F.G.S,
Hascrenlus cll; Bip etek tee <i" SEAS AA ws cinys oh ens 6 93—95
Researches on the Occurrence of Intestinal Worms in the Intestinal Canal of the Horse, by H. Krabbe; The Platysomuide, by Dr. R. H. Traquair, F.R.S.E.; On the Nervous System of Jdothea entomon, by M. E. Brandt; On a Peculiar Modification of a Rarasitic Mute. by iM. Mepmin 4. ..c teases os ues sei seen 96—99
NUMBER XXXII.
XII. On a remarkable Form of Pedicellaria, and the Functions performed thereby; together with General Observations on the Allied Forms of this Organ in the Echinide. By W. Percy SiapEn,
PS Onss, Celates Ul. eK Ci won acgats cbse eens 101 XIII. Gastrosaccus spinifer, Goés, newly described and figured. By the Rev. T. R. R. Stersine, M.A. (Plate IIL) ..........0% 114
XIV. Note on the Perognathus bicolor of Gray. By Epwarp R. PHS EOS GCA Se ces fis staveysreiest eteneie) veacs ole = eevoyons'e ysis. + soa uot mates 118
XV. Descriptions of new Species of Asiatic Lepidoptera Heterocera. Dy PARE) Ges UTUEER, ME LiS.g) EZ Sry RGR cists ood ohrantiee tate 119
XVI. Report on Specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. By H.J. Carrer, F.R.S. &c. (Plates VIL & VIIL) .. 129
XVII. Note on the Genus Heteropora. By A. W. WATERS,
PEER ie Nee seal 'o/5 cee le (6.5 ike)» « alomreciel 4 ciehareSa < @aeaiebecele:ataies ageaetee 156 XVIII. Reply on the Term “ Bryozoa.” By A. W. WATERS, AG Hise 0h ciditioe (SRR Neue ans IRR ER rn ee ari RRS Re 8 6S 157 XIX. Description of a new Species of Helicide from New Zealand.
Hey GARY AY, OMI, Gi nctte shuren ek tie oem stele oe Bren. 55 Gaver 159
XX. Synopsis of the Species of Cheradodis, a remarkable Genus of Mantodea common to India and Tropical America. By J. Woop- Mason, Officiating Superintendent Indian Museum, and Professor of Comparative Anatomy, Medical College, Calcutta ..../......... 160
XXI. Description of a new Species of Cynopterus (Ptenochirus) from Sarawak. By G. E. Dopson, M.A., M.B., &. ..........0% 163
XXII. On Bats from Old Calabar. By OLpFiztp Tuomas, F.Z.S., Assistant in the Zoological Department, British Museum....... ome LO
CONTENTS. Vi
Page Proceedings of the Geological Society .......:e.eee scenes 167—169
On the Organization and Development of the Gordii, by M. A. Villot; On a new Species of Dasywrus from New Guinea, by M. A. Milne-Edwards ; Gynandromorphous Specimens of Cirrochroa
aoris, by A. G Butler, F.L.S. &e. ero ee oe eevee eae seven 169—172
NUMBER XXXII.
XXIII. On the Pentastomum polyzonum of Harley; with a Note on the Synonymy of the allied Species. By F. Jurrrey Bett,
Ue re ee ie cise apn co Vado, clones S00, hej 00 Ae SRA nese ate A edad eae 173 XXIV. New Neotropical Curculionide.—Part III. By Francis
PE COR, GE cP Sie OLE a 35 0 aye ate soja ct¥le, 5 aptine ot aWN RD » Bansca lan statenbens 176 XXYV. On the Geological Distribution of the Rhabdophora. By
CiARUMS UAB WORTH, EGS Gey « crac-4.c,» atayctaretelolalacapoiapele Gola oe 185
XXVI. On Misdirected Efforts to Conjugation in Spirogyra. By H, J. Canter, FURS. &e. (Plate XIV. A. figs. 1-3.) cscs cess 207
XXVIII. On Fossil Sponge-spicules from the Carboniferous Strata of Ben Bulben, near Sligo. By H. J. Carrer, F.R.S. &e. (Plate
BASU eis hire Pe)" rope a wats ard om Satis Sis eee mig ators aia tale Lal RCL OR Oe 209 XXVIII. Descriptions of ‘new Species of Asiatic Lepidoptera Heterocera. By Artrur G. Buruer, F.LS., F.Z.S8., &......... 214
XXIX. Description of two remarkable new Species of Kingfishers. By R. Bowpter Suarpr, F.LS., F.Z.S., &¢., Department of Zoology, British Museum ............. PR OCG Up conue toa ro riot 251
XXX. On Cynanthus bolivanus, Gould. By D. G. Exxtior, 1D ed Ri einlahe 2S cree One SEDER OCC CHAM RE C1 THD RNS RARE or che 232
XXXI. Description of new Species of Reptiles from Eastern * Africa. By Dr. A. Ginruer, F.R.S., Keeper of the Zoological De- partment, British Museum ............00. reeds vet: “aie eee 234
Proceedings of the Geological Society ..........00.e- eee 238—243
Tabule in the Stellate Venations of Stromatopora, by H. J. Carter, F.R.S. &e.; On the Oviposition of Plewrodeles Waltlii, by M. L. Vaillant ; On the Tertiary Echinida of Belgium, by M. G. Cot- teau; On the Antiquity of certain Subordinate Types of Fresh- water and Land Mollusca, by C. A. White, Palzontologist to the U.S. National Museum; Note to Dr. C. A. White’s Paper, by R. Ellsworth Call; On the Metamorphosis of Prosopistoma,
Dy McA Wiayssiorel 04 \cte ea hieats S25) + ult eusieltel ashe die 2 244—252
vi CONTENTS
NUMBER XXXIV. Page XXXII. The Zoology of Barents Sea. By W.S. M. D’'Ursan, F.L.S., Curator of the Devon and Exeter Albert Memorial Museum 253
XXXIII. On new Hydroida and Polyzoa from Barents Sea. By the Rev. THomas Hincks, B.A., F.R.S. (Plate XV.) .......... 277
XXXIV. Descriptions of six new Species of Shells from Vancouver Pe shtad ye US Vie GATS UNG MONET ET afc te jein'c te wie Fisie, wie © ein 6 0 ete ee 286
XXXY. Notes on the Gasteropoda contained in the Gilbertson Collection, British Museum, and figured in Phillips’s ‘ Geology of
Yorkshire’ By R. Eruerines, Jun., F-R.Ph.S.Hd. :........055 289 XXXVI. On the Antipatharia (Milne-Edwards), with reference to Hydradendrium spinosum. By H. J. Carter, PRS, &e. ...... 301 XXXVII. The Chalk Bluffs of Trimmingham. By A. J. Jukss- Afeses uP set NG, bE (Gish) 20 rp eons in ssTaysio) anins oye SEA © coAsiins« oe dete lapeilego) eterna 805 XXXVIII. The Deep-sea Mollusca of the Bay of Biscay. By J. AGW IN NG ORES, I STE EUS: 5 6 one g. audeels ey ateloi' ‘aialperosel ava oiteleiiebes 315 XXXIX. Descriptions of five new Species of Shells from Uruguay. Loo? LUNDY GUAT) Ja 5). 80s ie te Ae IO See ECG Ore oe RerC Oca cet 9 2 319 XL. Description of a new Species of Arvicola from Northern India. By OupFieLp THomas, F.Z.8., British Museum ................ 522 On the Affinities of the Genus Polygordius with the Annelids of the Family Opheliide, by M. A. Giard ; The Starfishes of the deeper Parts of the Gulf of Mexico, by M. E. Perrier; On Gastrosaccus spinifer, by the Rev. Thomas R. R. Stebbing .......... 324—328
NUMBER XXXV.
XLI. On the Minute Structure of the Recent Heteropora neoze- lanica, Busk, and on the Relations of the Genus Heteropora to Monti- culipora. By H. AtLEYNE NicwHoxson, M.D., D.Sc., F.R.S.E..... 329
XLII. On Stromatopora dartingtoniensis, nu. sp. with Tabulation in the Larger Branches of the Astrorhiza. By H. J. Carrmr, F.R.S. Berermmntceeatie XC VALI Sate Acie cc iele tetesecctecne nicks eens: ates eee ee 539
XLII. On Paleontological and Embryological Development. Byperol. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ: <.:. .«s>s soe sswouRe eee: ase. 348
XLIV. Ona new Species of Gyracanthus, a Fossil Fish from the Coal-measures. By Jamies W. Davis, F.G.S. &e. .......... 00 0e 372
XLV. Additional List of the Deep-sea Mollusca of the Bay of Biscay. By J. Gwyn Jerrneys, LL.D., F.R.S. ............. Bey
CONTENTS. Vil
Page XLVI. Contributions towards a General History of the Marine Polyzoa. By the Rev. THomas Hivcxs, B.A., F.R.S. (Plates PV Ce OV UE Aa hen ncnv ade ema ie Qaeda am aida y oleae cies 376
XLVI. On the Flint Nodules of the Trimmingham Chalk. By W. J. Sotzas, M.A.,, F.R.S.E., F.G.S., Professor of Geology in Uni-
versity College, Bristol. (Plates XIX. & XX.).........00.s.000. 384 XLVIII. Additional Observations on the Antipatharia. By H. eee rAN TT. ET EUs Sa) OcGaw ata aka arabe cro ieiaratla ow aides, tie, oslo) oi sani Mhetaretaeet ated 895
XLIX. Description of a new Species of Turbo, and a Note on the Occurrence of Rossia Owent on the Coast of North Wales. By SLING AMEE ey S NERETER Btcs icf caret << al'scay aya, clepajaysier ce MRIS clo) elalorn ahevaturct ae 397
L. A new Cetonia from Madagascar. By CHARLES O. WarTErR- HSUGIY cd end QuSIe HORE DRDO ROU DODUCM OOM na A ehOnoouant oct e 399
LI. Description of a new Species of Arvicola from Gilgit. By | DIRS SCUinyeh RA Oe a aune AHPC Con AAA PRmeReU rope Gln Coste ar ab,
New Book :—Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Palzeon- toloria Indica, &c. Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous Fauna of Western India. Ser. XIV. Vol. I. 1. Sind fossil Corals and Alcyonaria. By P. M. Duncan, M.B. (Lond.), F.RS.,
GWE Eh Gresiaay sca gtatbicle race ans ond ciate arvis cs mtelshet <a cial slot ree eae ae 400
On some Facts with regard to the first Phenomena of the Develop- ment of the Osseous Fishes, by M. L. F. Henneguy ; Completion of the Biology of the Aphides of the Galls of the Poplar (Pem- phigus bursarius, Linn.), by M. J. Lichtenstein; On the Ciliated Embryo of Bilharzia, by M. J. Chatin; Note on Argiope capsula, by J. Gwyn Jeffreys, LL.D., F.R.S.; Notes on the Early Stages otsome Polychzetous Amnelides, by E. B. Wilson; The Rhyth- mical Character of the Process of Segmentation, by W. H. REO GMR Sifes ea ei erticl aise ntiah acialonc a2 icv shel «aie diaycretara sees 402—408
NUMBER XXXVI.
LU. On the Anatomy of a new Parasitic Worm found in the In- testine of a Bat (Megaderma frons). By Dr. Joun Dents Mac- DONALD, F.R.S., Inspector-General R.N. (Plate XXI.).......... 409
LIIL. ‘Note on Pterygodermatites Macdonaldii, the Type of a new Order of Vermes. By G. E. Dozsson, M.A., M.B., &e.........4... 412
LIV. On the Minute Structure of the Recent Heteropora neoze- lanica, Busk, and on the Relations of the Genus Heteropora to Monti- culipora. By H. AtLEyNe Nicuo.son, M.D., D.Se., F.R.S.E..... 414
LY. On the Northern Species of Buccinum. By J. Gwyn JEr-
pb LL sy 9] BAD El OM i> Rear tr an econ Arey 2° < Ay RR ER 423 LVI. Diagnoses of new Shells from Lake Tanganyika and East miica.; By ngantA, SMU ye oistaite aia) <. « s Semen ey oat cocks 425
LVII. Notes on the French exploring Voyage of ‘ Le Travailleur’ in the Bay of Biscay. Bythe Rev. A. M. Norman, M.A., F.L.S., &c. 430
vi CONTENTS.
Page LVIIL. On the Flint Nodules of the Trimmingham Chalk. By W. J. Sottas, M.A., F.R.S.E., F.G.8., Professor of Geology in Univer-
Biby College, Bristol .s.-. aefeoo een Sosa too Soho aat wa os, Od. LIX. Descriptions of two new Coleoptera from Madagascar. By OATES. Os: VAT HRELOUBSE sein 2 ois «| sis velar evaterteloeraere dateret ia ss 461
LX. Description of Ophites japonicus,a new Snake from Japan. ype PAL CUIN DETER HME V aS OGCUn lest) e wiclere ee =. a ane meets eee eel 462
New Northern Gephyrea, by MM. D, C. Danielssen and J. Koren; On the Existence of Polar Globules in the Ovum of the Crus- tacea, by M. L. F. Henneguy ; On the Organization and Deve- lopment of the Grordi (Second Note), by M. A. Villot ..462—466
LAGER Sits ce NE Sete ete OCs ee ERR NE ec SNE ome Ag Sat Me RO SEE ERR ne ie 3S 468
PLATES IN VOL. VI.
PuaTE I. New Crustacea from New Zealand. II. Piramutana macrospila. Ill. Gastrosaccus spinifer.
IV. ) «| VI. New Spongida from the Gulf of Manaar. VIL. | VIII. J IX, x, New Marine Polyzoa. XI. ae Pedicellaria from Spherechinus granularis. xiv. } Conjugation in Spirogyra.—Sponge-spicules from the Car- \ boniferous Strata of Ben Bulben.
XV. New Hydroida and Polyzoa from Barents Sea. XVI. XVII. XVIII. Stromatopora dartingtoniensis. XIX. | Sponge-spicules &c. from the Flint Nodules of the Trimming» XX.f ham Chalk. XXI. Anatomy of Pterygodermatites Macdonaldii.
New Marine Polyzoa.
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
[FIFTH SERIES. |]
CO pasbrengnnncrconce per litora spargite muscum, Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. At yos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”
N. Parthenii Giannettasii Eel, 1.
No. 31. JULY 1880.
I.—New Species of Crustacea from New Zealand. By Grorce M. THomson.
[ Plate I. }
THE following notes record the result of observations made on the crustacean fauna of Dunedin Harbour during last sum- mer. Limited as the field is, it has already yielded so many new forms, and this too after most cursory examination, that I anticipate numerous additions will be made to our know- ledge by more systematic dredging. The maximum depth of the Bay is probably about 6 fathoms; so that no deep-sea forms are included in the following list.
Group SCHIZOPODA. Fam. Myside. Genus Mysis.
Mysis denticulata, n. sp.
Carapace rather short and slender, with a short triangular acute rostrum. Peduncle of the internal (upper) antenne extending to the extremity of the scale of the external antenna, second joint very short, third the widest. Scale of external antenne broad, with a tooth at the outer angle, and long cilia on its inner side and at the extremity. Middle lamella of the
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 5. Vol. vi. 1
2 Mr. G. M. Thomson on new Species of
tail entire, toothed on each side, and with two strong teeth at the apex. Lateral lamine exceeding the central one; the inner narrow-lanceolate, acute, and furnished with long hairs on each side ; the outer obtuse, with the apical half narrowing, ciliated only at the extremity and on the inside, and with a few stout teeth about the middle of its outer margin. Length 0-5 inch. Dunedin Harbour, in 4 fathoms.
IsopopA VAGANTIA. Fam. Tanaide.
Genus Pararanats, Dana.
Paratanais tenuis, n. sp. (PI. I. fig. 1.)
Body slender. Head, when seen from above, narrowing anteriorly, front margin nearly straight. Kyes triangular ; peduncles so short as to be hardly visible. Superior antennz stout; inferior pair about two thirds as long as superior, slender. First gnathopoda stout; mobile finger smooth on the inner margin; immobile finger with a slightly convex inner margin furnished with a few strong hairs, and termi- nated by two or three stout denticles. Second gnathopoda long and very slender. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda comparatively slender, succeeding pairs stouter. Last seg- ment of abdomen somewhat triangular, with a truncate apex, terminated by two minute sete. Terminal uropoda with the inner branch four-jointed, and more than half as long as abdo- men; outer branch one-jointed, as long as first joint of inner. Length 0°1 inch.
Dunedin Harbour, in 4-5 fathoms, and rock-pools on the coast.
AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. Fam. Gammaride. Subfam. S7re¢ocerwALipEs. Genus PANOPLEA, n. gen.
Coxee of the four anterior segments well developed, those of the second pair of pereiopoda excavated on the upper part of the posterior margin. Antenne subequal, without a secon- dary appendage. Mandibles with an appendage. Maxillipeds with a squamiform process on the ischium. Gnathopoda feeble, almost chelate. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda double-branched. 'Télson simple, squamiform.
Crustacea from New Zealand. 3
I have formed this genus to include two species which appear to me to be the southern representatives of the Arctic genus Pleustes. It differs from Pleustes only in the well- developed squamiform plate on the ischium of the maxillipeds, and in the gnathopoda being slender and more or less chelate. In the general appearance of the species, however, there is a very perceptible difference.
1. Panoplea spinosa, n. sp. (PI. I. fig. 2.)
Cephalon produced into an acute rostrum. Pereion broad, smooth, the dorsal margins of the last segment and of the first two of the pleon produced posteriorly into two spines. Coxe of the gnathopoda narrow, but deep. yes reniform, pale reddish in colour. Superior antenne longer than the inferior. Both pairs of gnathopoda very slender : first chelate, ischium and carpus long, propodos with a mobile finger arti- culating at some distance from its setose extremity ; second pair nearly chelate, basos very long, propodos fringed with simple hairs on its inferior margin, dactylos articulating almost as in first pair. Pereiopoda increasing somewhat in size posteriorly, squamiform plates of the basa of the last three pairs toothed on their posterior margins. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda subequal; rami of the penultimate pair unequal. ‘Telson subquadrate; extremity slightly excavate.
Colour varying from light to dark brown, thickly covered with black stellate markings. Length 0°45 inch.
Several specimens taken in Dunedin Habour, in 4-5 fathoms.
2. Panoploa debilis, n. sp. (PI. I. fig. 3.)
Coxe less developed than in P. spinosa. Pereion tumid ; pleon slender, its first two segments and last of pereion pro- duced on their postero-dorsal margins into spines. Cephalon produced into a very short rostrum. Eyes circular, black. Superior antenne nearly as long as the body, rather longer than the inferior ; peduncle very short. Gnathopoda feeble, subchelate: first pair small, basos long, fringed with a row of short spines on the anterior margin, propodos long, dactylos small, transverse; second pair similar in form, but very long and slender. Pereiopoda as in P. spinosa, but with the mar- gins of the squamiform plates smooth. Telson rounded at the extremity. Colour uniformly light brown; when exa- mined under a low power of the microscope the whole body is seen to be dotted with reddish-brown star-like marks. Length 0°35 inch. :
Not uncommon in Dunedin Harbour, in 4-5 fathoms.
1*
4 Mr. G. M. Thomson on new Species of
Subfam. Pxoxrpes.
Genus AMPHILOCHUS, C. Spence Bate. Amphilochus squamosus,n.sp. (PI. I. fig. 4.)
Body broad and thick anteriorly, slender posteriorly. Cephalon depressed anteriorly between the bases of the supe- rior antenna. Eyes large, deep red in colour; not easily made out owing to the numerous and dense reddish-black spots with which the whole body is covered. Superior an- tenne shorter than inferior; peduncle shorter than flagellum, which is seven-jointed and carries two long sete at the ex- tremity of each joint. (The last joint of the peduncle bears a minute one-jointed appendage.) Inferior antenne: not one fourth as long as body; flagellum slender, longer than the peduncle, smooth. Gnathopoda subequal and similar in form ; meros and carpus produced into obtuse lobes, spinous at the extremity ; propodos somewhat elongated, with a rounded palm, and a few spines at the point of impingement of the slender faleate dactylos. Pereiopoda slender, subequal. Antepenul- timate pleopoda reaching almost to the extremity of the ulti- mate, smooth ; penultimate much shorter, and, together with the posterior (ultimate) pair, having somewhat unequal rami. Length 0-1 inch.
Under a low power of the microscope (a 2) the integu-
ment, which is very thin, is seen to be covered with minute scale-like marks and hooks.
Subfam. Gamumarrpes. Genus Eusirus, Kroyer. Eustrus cuspidatus, Kréyer, var. antarcticus, n. var.
Several specimens of this crustacean were obtained by the dredge in the harbour; but as they differ in a few points from both the generic and specific description as given in the British-Museum Catalogue, p. 154, I think it advisable to separate them as a distinct variety under the name antarcticus. In regard, first, to the generic character, the maxillipeds are certainly not unguiculate, the propodos being obtusely pointed and densely clothed at the extremity with hairs, and the dactylos being obsolete; the cephalon also has a small ros- trum. In specific characters it differs in the following re- spects :—The two posterior segments of the pereion are smooth, not produced back into teeth; the cilia on the flagellum of the superior are usually on every third (not second) articulus, which is also produced downwards into a tubercle: the palm
Crustacea from New Zealand. 9)
of both pairs of gnathopoda is defined by a double row of hairs, which are alternately very short, and the point of impinge- ment of the dactylos by a fascicle of short stout spines. The length of the largest specimen obtained by me was only 0°35 ee whereas the Greenland species is said to be 14 inch ong.
Still, after taking all these differences into due consideration, there does not seem to be sufficient reason for separating this southern form specifically from the northern species.
Melita tenuicornis, Dana (Mera tenuicornis, Sp. Bate, Paramera tenuicornis, Miers).
This species is not uncommon in the rock-pools along the coast. The animals are dark slaty grey in colour, very slen- der and compressed in form, swimming very rapidly. The females are remarkable for possessing a hook-like process on the coxal lamelle of the fourth pair of pereiopoda, almost exactly similar to that figured and described by Fr. Miiller (‘ Facts for Darwin,’ p. 27) as occurring in JL. insatiabilis.
Genus MeGAM@RA, Spence Bate.
Megamera fasciculata, n. sp. (Pl. I. fig. 5.)
Dorsal surface of the animal quite smooth. Eyes reniform. Superior antenne nearly one third as long as the animal; first and second joints of peduncle rather short, subequal, third joint very short; flagellum long, very many-jointed, joints transverse and setose; secondary appendage very minute, one-jointed, and terminated by two or three sete. Inferior antenne shorter than superior, very similar in the form of the joints of the flagellum. First pair of gnathopoda with carpus and propodos subequal, and fringed on their lower margin with fascicles of serrated or barbed hairs; propodos broader at distal extremity than at the base, with a rounded projection at the extremity of the lower margin; palm quite transverse; dactylos not quite as long as palm. Second gnathopoda larger; carpus increasing in width, with nume- rous fascicles of barbed hairs; propodos longer, lower margin with barbed hairs, upper with several transverse rows of simple hairs; palm rounded; dactylos curved. Pereio- poda somewhat increasing in length posteriorly, and with short spines. Posterior pleopoda considerably exceeding the preceding pair. Telson double. Length 0°5 inch.
Numerous specimens taken with the dredge in 4-5 fathoms in Dunedin Harbour; also in rock-pools on the coast both near Dunedin and Christchurch (Sumner).
6 On new Species of Crustacea from New Zealand.
Fam. Corophiide. Genus Coropuium, Latr.
Corophium contractum, Stimpson.
I obtained two specimens of this species by the dredge in Dunedin Harbour ; and its occurrence in this habitat is inter- esting, as it was originally described from Japan. The description given in the Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 282, which is evidently copied from that given by Stimpson himself, is so meagre, that I have drawn up the following from my speci- mens, both of which were adult females.
Body much broader than deep. Eyes small. Superior antenne rather shorter than inferior; first joint stout, pro- duced on its inferior inner margin into two stout teeth; second equal to it in length, slender ; third much shorter ; flagellum five-jointed, terminated by a bunch of setze. Inferior antenne very strong, about one fourth as long as the animal, with a few strong teeth on their inferior margins on the inside. First gnathopoda small; basos with two long sete ; ischium, meros, and carpus fringed with long setz ; propodos rounded towards the extremity, with a convex palm fringed with short hairs ; dactylos curved, as long as the palm. Second gna- thopoda larger than first ; carpus widely convex on its infe- rior margin, and, together with the more slender propodos, bearing fringes of long sete; dactylos fceur-toothed at the extremity of its lower margin. First four pairs of pereiopoda diminishing in length posteriorly, but with the basa progres- sively widening. I ifth pair very long; basos dilated, fringed with long sete, which are simple on the anterior, and plumose on the posterior margin. ‘Three anterior pairs of pleopoda short and double-branched ; three posterior pairs very short, the last pair reaching slightly beyond the telson, flattened, rounded, thickly covered with short hairs, and bearing a few long sete. Telson broadly triangular, notched at the apex. Length 0°14 inch.
Otago Institute, Dunedin, Feb. 10, 1880.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IL
Fig.1. Paratanais tenws, x 26. a, first pereiopod, xX 90; 6, second pereiopod, x 90.
Fig. 2. Panoplea spinosa, X 10. a, first guathopod, x 28; b, second gnathopod, X 28; ¢, telson, x 28.
Fig. 3, Panoplea debilis, X 10. a, telson and pleopoda, x 15.
Fig. 4. Amphilochus sguamosus, X 14. a, first gnathopod, x 60.
Fig. 5. Megamera fasciculata. a, first gnathopod, x 26; 6, second gna- thopod, X 26; ¢, posterior pleopoda and telson, x 13; d, telson (from above), x 20,
On the Fish-fauna of the Rio de la Plata. 7
Il.—A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Fish-fauna of the Rio de la Plata. By Dr. A. Guntuer, F.R.S., Keeper of the Zoological Department, British Museum.
[Plate II.]
THe Fish-fauna of the Rio de la Plata and of the large affluents which discharge their waters into that estuary is but little known. On preparing a list of the species described by ichthyologists as occurring in the various parts of this great river-system, I found their number to amount to 153. But so little is known as regards the distribution of the species within the main river and its tributaries that that list utterly failed to fulfil the purposes for which it was drawn up, viz. to elucidate the degree of affinity between the Uruguay, Parana, Paraguay, and the rivers draining the country east of the Cordilleras, and to demonstrate a transition of the fauna of the lower parts into that of the upper—which latter may be supposed to be very similar to that of the San Francisco, so fully described by Dr. Liitken. Therefore it would have been premature to publish such a list, and I propose to limit the present communication to some notes and descrip- tions drawn up during an examination of a considerable col lection of fishes received by the British Museum from Mr. E. White of Buenos Ayres. As a part of these species are identical with those received from the ‘ Challenger’ expe- dition, I have thought it useful to supplement these notes by adding the names of the fishes obtained from the latter source, full descriptions being given in my ‘ Report on the Shore-fishes ” procured during that voyage ; they are marked in the following notes by the letters Ch. The majority of the fishes enumerated in this paper belong to the fauna of the Rio de la Plata proper and of the lowermost portion of the Parana. CHONDROPTERYGIANS.
1. Mustelus vulgaris, M. & H. 2. Raja platana, Gthr. [Ch.] 3. Raja microps, Gthr. | Ch.| 4. Trygon hystrix, M. & H.
I believe that authors have confounded several species under this name. ‘The true Trygon hystrix# of the Rio de la Plata has a large eye, the longitudinal diameter of which is two thirds of the width of the cartilaginous space between the eyes; the spiracles are very large, three times the size of the eye; and the tail is considerably longer than the body,
8 Dr. A. Giinther on the
compressed into a crest behind the spine; rather large conical thorns in front of the spine, arranged partly uniserially, partly biserially. Six appendages at the bottom of the mouth behind the teeth.
An adult male, with the disk 10 inches long and broad, from the Parana, has the upper part of the disk ornamented with white ocelli, and nearly the whole of the lower parts of a brown colour.
5. Trygon brachyurus, sp. ne
This species differs from Trygon hystrix in several impor- tant points. The eye is small, its longitudinal diameter being two fifths of the width of the cartilaginous space between the eyes. Spiracles of moderate width, about twice the size of the orbit. Tail much shorter than the body, with a low fin behind the.dorsal spine and a very low fold of the skin along its lower side: the thorns in the median line of the tail in front of the spine are very small, arranged in a single series. Five appendages at the bottom of the mouth behind the teeth. Upper parts greyish brown, with a coarse network of blackish streaks; lower parts white, with the margins of the disk blackish.
A female from Buenos Ayres shows the following dimen- sions :—length of the disk 10 inches, width of the disk 12 inches ; length of the tail 9 inches.
da. Trygon reticulatus, sp. n.
Eye of moderate size, half the width of the cartilagi- nous space between the eyes. Spiracles scarcely twice the width of the orbit. ‘Tail considerably longer than the disk, with a very low fold above and a still lower one below its terminal half; median line of the tail with a series of thorns of moderate size, irregularly arranged. Four appendages at the bottom of the mouth behind the teeth; upper part brown, with a network of black lines, the meshes being hexagonal and wide ; lower parts uniform white.
A male from Surinam has a disk 74 inches long and 8} inches broad; the tail is 12 inches.
This is the species which I have described in the ‘ Cata- logue of Fish’ as Zrygon hystrix of Miiller & Henle.
6. Myliobatis aquila, L.
ACANTHOPTERYGIANS. 7. Otolithus guatucupa, C.& V. [Ch.] 8. Ancylodon atricauda, Gthr. [| Ch.]
Fish-fauna of the Rio de la Plata. 9
9. Micropogon ornatus, Gthr. [Ch.} 10. Micropogon undulatus, L. 11. Pogonias fasciatus, Lac.
12. Pachyurus furcreus, Lac. (= Corvina Gillit, Steindachner, 1867).
13. Atherinichthys bonariensis, C. & V. 14. Atherinichthys argentinensis, C. & V. 15. Mugil platanus, sp. n.
Dea eae ee el 388... te 1a:
The height of the body is a little more than the length of the head, which is one fourth of the total (without caudal). The snout is broad, the width of the interorbital space being half of the length of the head. Eye with a thick and broad adipose membrane; lips thin. The przorbital leaves only the extremity of the maxillary uncovered. Cleft of the mouth twice as broad as deep; the angle made by the ante- rior margins of the mandibles is obtuse. The first dorsal “spine scarcely longer than the second, and half as long as the head ; it is a little nearer to the end of the snout than to the base of the tail. Anal and dorsal fins not scaly ; the pectoral fin terminates opposite to the eighth scale of the lateral line ; base and posterior margin of the pectoral blackish. Six specimens from Buenos Ayres, the largest being 18 inches long.
ANACANTHINI. 16. Solea Jenynsii, Gthr. (= Achirus Lorentzit, Weyenbergh).
17. Aphoristia ornata, Lac. [Ch.]
MALACOPTERYGIANS. 18. Platystoma Orbignianum, Val.
19. Piramutana albicans (= Arius albicans, C. & V., = Arius albidus, Val., = Arius moroti, Val., nec =Piramutana Blochit, C. & V.).
In this species pterygoid teeth are constantly absent, the teeth on the palate being reduced to two small separate groups on the vomer. There is no doubt whatever of our specimens being identical with those obtained by D’Orbigny in the Rio de la Plata; therefore Miiller and Troschel were wrong in identifying this fish with the Silurus clarias of Bloch. The fish described by Liitken as Pseudardodes albi-
10 Dr. A. Giinther on the
cans, again, seems to be a different fish, as it is stated to have
ae teeth (Liitken, Vid. Medd. Kjéb. 1874, pp. 193-
In very young specimens, 7.e. in specimens from 6 to 8 inches long, the maxillary barbel reaches to the root of the caudal, whilst it reaches only to the anal fin in specimens 10 inches long, and in older examples it is still shorter (cf Stein-
dachner, SB. Ak. Wien, Ixxiv. 1877, pp. 599-602).
20. Piramutana macrospila, sp. n. (PI. IL.) DE UG AG
Closely allied to Piramutana pantherina and Piramutana albicans. Head granulated above; occipital process longer than broad, extending to the dorsal scute. ' An elliptical patch of pterygoid teeth (Pl. II. D) ; vomerine teeth none. Eye ot moderate size, half the width of the interorbital space; upper jaw longer thanthelower; the maxillary barbel reaches to the origin of the anal fin. Adipose fin much longer than the dorsal ; but the distance between the two fins is less than the length of the dorsal. Dorsal spine rather longer than that of the pectoral fin, but shorter than the head. Body with four or five longi- tudinal series of round blackish spots; also the upperside of the head and the dorsal fin are spotted.
One specimen, 15 inches long.
21. Pimelodus maculatus, Lac. 22. Pimelodus gracilis, Val. 23. Pimelodus labrosus, Kréy., Ltk. 24. Pimelodus platanus, sp. n. DEM Gre Are es tis.
Head covered with thin skin above ; occipital process nar- row; no preedorsal scute. Adipose fin rather high, its length being two ninths of the total (without caudal) and equal to its distance from the fifth dorsal ray. Maxillary barbels ex- tending to the origin of the adipose fin, the outer ones of the mandible beyond the root of the pectoral.
The height of the body is rather less than the total length (without caudal) ; the length of the head a little more than one fourth ; snout rather long and spatulate, with the upper jaw much projecting beyond the lower. The eye occupies nearly the middle of the length of the head, has free orbital margins, and is about half of the width of the interorbital space ; its diameter is one ninth of the length of the head.
Fish-fauna of the Rio de la Plata. 11
The first dorsal and pectoral rays are not spinous. Caudal fin deeply forked. Coloration uniform. One specimen from the Parana, 13 inches long.
25. Pimelodus sapo, Val. 26. Pimelodus Hilarit, C. & V. 27. Pirinampus Pati, Val. 28. Arius Commersonit, Lac. Very common, and growing to a length of 4 feet and more.
29. Ageniosus militaris, Bl. 30. Doras maculatus, Val. (=D. muricus, Kner).
Common about the shipping, and attaining to a length of more than 2 feet; it seems almost omnivorous, greedily swal- lowing the offal trom ships. ‘The stomach of one was filled with large bones, probably of sheep, pieces of carrots, shells, &e.
31. Callichthys punctatus, Bl. 32. Plecostomus Commersonii, Val. 33. Plecostomus alatus, Casteln.
Received from the Lower Parana.
34. Plecostomus cordove, sp. n. Dee Avo: OPS Lies Vd /Do lela:
Head very much depressed, its length being nearly two sevenths of the total (without caudal) ; no ridge between eye and nostril; occiput with a very slight elevation along its middle ; nuchal scutes not elevated in the middle, and obtusely bicarinate. The middle of the extremity of the snout is naked ; mouth straight, transverse, very broad, stretching from one side of the snout to the other; labial fold rather broad, not notched behind, covered with minute papille. Interoperculum without spines. The entire lower surface of the head, thorax, and belly are covered with minute scutes. The length of the base of the dorsal fin is a little less than its distance from the second fin ; there are ten pairs of scutes between the two fins. Caudal fin obliquely marginate. ‘The pectoral spine extends to the base of the ventral, and has its extremity covered with very short spines. Seventeen scutes between anal and caudal ; the lateral scutes of the body with very indistinct keels, which have no particular armature. Brownish black, with black dots; these are smallest and most numerous on the head, a little larger on the body, and largest and least numerous on the abdomen, the abdominal spots being not quite the size of
12 Dr. A. Giinther on the
the eye. Each ray of the caudal, pectoral, and ventral fins is crossed by a number of short black streaks, whilst the dorsal fin is crossed by six or seven black zigzag stripes.
One specimen, 94 inches long, from Cordova.
35. Trichomycterus dispar, Tschudi (= 7’. cordovensis, Weyenbergh). Received from Cordova. 36. Macrodon intermedius, Gthr. (an= WM. auritus, C.& V.?).
37. Curimatus platanus, sp. n. Did, A.9.- Tat. 5d, Li. transv. 12/141.
Allied to Curimatus Alberti, but with considerably smaller scales. ‘The height of the body is contained thrice and one third in the total length (without caudal) ; the length of the head nearly four times. The upper profile is slightly concave above the occiput; snout as long as the eye, the diameter of which is a little more than half the width of the inter- orbital space. An anterior and posterior eyelid. The origin of the dorsal fin is nearer to the extremity of the snout than to the base of the caudal. The pectoral terminates at some distance from the caudal, its length being two thirds of that of the head. Ventral not extending to the vent. Abdomen rounded in front of and behind the ventrals. Scales not ciliated. Silvery ; a more or less distinct black spot on the root of the caudal.
T'wo specimens 6 inches long.
38. Prochilodus lineatus, Val. 39. Anostomus vittatus, C. &