/-
\
A M E 1{ I C A N
CniigreiHtioiiiil fear-look
FOR THE Y E A I^
1858.
■voxiTrnviE nr-TH,
Sell) g0rli:
AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION,
OFl-'lCE, APPLETON'S BUILDING, 348 BROADWAY. X. A. CALKINS, TREASURER.
18 5 8.
Read Pages 13-16.
\ ^C:
WEBSTER'S QUARTO DICTIONARY,
UNABRIDGED.
SOI.D BY ALI. BOOKSELLERS.
PubUshed by G. & C. MERRIAM, Springfield, Mass.
V
From DANIEL WEBSTER.
^ possess many Dictionaries, and of most of the learned «nd cultivated languages, ancient and modern; but I never leel tliat I am entirely armed and equipped, in this respect, without Dr. Wehster at command.
From RUFUS CHOATE.
Mkssus. G. t C. MerriaM. Gentlemen : I have just had the honor of receiving the noWe volume in which you, and the trreat lexicographer and the accomplished reviser, unite vour labors to '• Bid the language live." I accept it with the hialient pride and pleasure, and beg to adopt, in its utmost vtrpiigth and extent, the testimonial of Daniel Webster.
From President HOPKINS, Williams College,
There is no American scholar who does not feel proud of the labors of Dr. Webster, as the pioneer of Lexicography ou this continent, and who will not readily admit the great and distinctive merits of his Dictionary.
From JOHN G. WHITTIER.
The best and safest guide of the students of our Ir.nguag
From JOHN C. SPENCER.
T'lifiucstionably the very best Dictionary of our langunge • xtaut. Its great accuracy in the definition and derivation <>f worda gives it an autliority that no other work on the sub- i'.'ct possesses. It is co.nstautly cited and relied on in our courts of justice, in our legislative bodies, and in public dis- iii«sion3, as entirely conclusive.
From ELIHU BUERITT.
AVibstcr's great Dictionary may he regarded as hearing tlie Fame relation to the English language which Newton's I'rin- Hjiin does to the subhmo science of Natural Philosophy.
From Rev. Dr. HUNTINGTON, of Harvard University.
Wc are more than ever impressed ivith its great compass und value. No student, as it appears to ns, has access to the needful resources for understanding or using our native tongue, who does not keep this vast and rich repository of philological labor and learning at his side. Its delinitions, — now almost universally acknowledged to be unrivaled for completeness, accuracy, and the avoidance of meresj^nonyms, — together with some of its other features, render it indispen- sable in every library and at every writing de>-k.
July, 1800. Y. D. llUNTINGTON.
From Prof. PHELPS, Theol. Sam., Andover.
His work fills a place in our literature which is occupied by no other. No professional man can afford to dispense with it if he aims at sound seholarsliip iu his knowled™ of the Knglish tongue. AUSTIN PHELPS.
May 12, it&J.
From Hon. A. SMYTH, State Superintendent Elect of Schools of Ohio.
Columbus, O., February 20, ]8oG. iicing from conviction a Webster man. A. SMYTH.
From FITZ GREENE HALLECK.
Of tlic book itself I hear but one opinion from all around me, and do but eclio the universal voice in expressing my approval of its great worth, and my belief that it has rendered any further research, or even improvement in oar time, un- necessary in its department of instruction.
From JOHN G. SAXE.
BURLINOTOS", Vt., March sn, ISv"C. I am one of those who have always been proud of Mr. Web- ster as a learned Philologist. By his labors as a Lexicogra- pher, he has done more than all our writers to give character and nationality to American literature. In no respect can his Dictionary be regarded as deficient, while in the department of Etymology — the only part of a lexicon requiring great labor and profound erudition — he is, by common confession of scholars, wHliout a rival either in tliis countrv or in Europe. JOIIN G. S.VXE.
From Prof. PARK, Theol. Sem., Andover.
I regard the Unabridged edition of Dr. Webster's Dicfiono- ry as indispensable for the library of everv American or English student. £DWAKDS A. PARK.
November 3, 1856.
From Prof. MARTIN, Hev7 York University.
Nkiv York U.viversitv, June Hi, ]8.>«. Having been myself very scrupulous about pronunciation, I was somewhat disappointed with a few of the peculiarities of his earlier editions, but of this last I can speak with almost an absolute approval. In matters of definition and etymology Webster is, of course, above all criticism and beyond nil coni» parison. BENJ. N. MARTIN,
Prtjf. Belles Lettres in New York University.
Also, Webster's School Dictionaries.
CHE CONGREGATtONAL LiaH^"'* U BEACON STHtl'
aanott. MASSAC Huftcn* oz\oi
hall's journal of HEALTn, NEW YORK.
HALL'S JOURNAL OF HEALTH,
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Primarily designed to teach clerg^'men and theological students how to niaintain liealth, or if lost, how to regain it by the use of natural agencies ; believing that a true wisdom and liberty consists in eating and drinking of all the good things of this life in moderation. Medical terms are avoided. All the articles arc intended to be short, courteous, moral, pure, and plain.
OOIsTTEnSTTS.
July, 1857. (xoing to the South. Sleep of Children. Trouble Kills. A Wife Worth Having. The Marriage Relation, idiot.a.
Experience of Multitudes. The Longest Livers-'. Dentistry. Politeness. The Last Wish. The Air we Breathe. Sympathy for the Erring. True Teachings. The Punning Shoemaker. School Studies. Mortality of Cities. Happiness. Servant Girls. Fifteen Years in Hell. Hydrophobia. Destructive Agencies. School Outrages. Intussusception. The Fruit Season. , Diarrhoea.
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KITTO'S POPULAR CYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE. Condensed from
the larger work. By the Author, .lOHN Krrro, D.l)., author of Pictorial Bible ; History of Palestine ; Scripture
Daily Readings, etc. Assisted by James Taylor, D.D., of Glasgow. With over Jive hundred Illustrations.
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This Cyclop.edia is designed to furnish a Dictiomary of the Bible, while at the .same time it answers the place of a CoiLMEXTAKY, embodying the products of the best and most recent researches in biblical literature, in which the scholars of Europe and America have been engaged. Tlie work, the result of immense labor and research, is, by universal consent, pronounced the best work of its class extant. It is not only intended {or ministers and theological students, but is also particularly adapted to parents, Sahbath-sclwol teachers, and the great body of the religiovs public .
A condensed view of the vanous branches of Biblical Science comprehended in the work.
1. BiBUCAL CRmasM. — Embracing the History of the Bible Languages ; Canon of Scripture ; literary History and Peculiarities of the Sacred Books ; Formation and History of Scripture Texts.
2. Hlstory. — Proper Names of Persons ; Biographical Sketches of prominent Characters ; Detailed Accounts of important events recorded in Scripture ; Chronology and Genealogy of Scripture.
3. Geogr^vphy. — Names of Places ; Description of Scenery ; Boundaries and Mutual Relations of the Countries mentioned in Scripture, so far as necessary to illustrate the Sacred Text.
4. Arcileology. — SlanneM and Customs of the Jews and other nations mentioned in Scripture ; their Sacred Institutions, Military Affairs, Political Arrangements, Literary, and Scientific Pursuits.
6, Physical Science. — Scripture Cosmogony and Astronomy, Zoology, Mineralogy, Botany, Meteorology.
In addition to numerous flattering notices and reviews, personal letters from mwe than fifty of the most distin- guished Ministers aiid Laymen of different relirjious dcnominatv/ns in the country have been received, highly commending this work as admirably adapted to ministers. Sabbath-school teachers, heads of families, and all Bible students.
The following extract of a letter is a fair specimen of individual letters received from each of the gentlemen whose names are given below : —
" I have examined it with special and unalloyed satisfaction. It has the rare merit of being all that it profcsse« to be • and very few, I am sure, who may consult it, will deny that, in richness and fulness of detail, it surpasses their expectation. Many ministers will find it a valuable auxiliary ; but its chief excellence is, that it furnishe.s just the facilities which are needed by the thousands in families and Sabbath-schools who are engaged in the im- portant business of biblical education. It is, in itself, a library of reliable information."
W. B. Sprague, D.D., Pastor of Second Presbyterian Church, Albany, N. Y. — J. J. Carruthers, D.D. , Pastor of Second Parish Congregational Church, Portland, Me. — Joel Hawes, D.I). , Pastor of Fir.st Congregational Church, Hartford, Ct. — Daniel Sharp, D.D., late Pastor of Third Baptist Church, Boston. — N. L. Frothingham, D.D., late Pastor of First Congregational Church (Unitarian), Boston. — Ephraim Peabody, D.D. , Pastor of Stone Chapel Con- greoutional Church (Unitarian) , Bo.ston. — A. L. Stone, Pastor of Park Street Congregational Church, Boston. — Joh'n S. Stone, D.D. , Rector of Christ Church (Episcopal), Brooklyn, N. Y. — J. B. Waterbury, D.D. , Pastor of Bowdoin Street Church (Congregational), Boston. — Baron Sto\v,D.D., Pastor of Rowe Street Baptist Church, Boston.
Thomas H. Skinner, D.D. , Pastor of Carmine Street Presbyterian Church, N. Y. — Samuel M. Worcester, D.D. , Pastor
of the Tabernacle Church (Congregational) , Salem. — Horace Bushnell, D.D., Pastor of Third Congregational Church, Hartford, Ct. — Right Reverend J. M. Wainwright, D.D., Trinity Church (Episcopal), N. Y. — Gardner Spring, D.D. , Pa.stor of the Brick Church Chapel, Presbyterian Church, N. Y. — ^W. T. Dwight, D.D., Pastor of Third Congregational Church, Portland, Me. — E. N. Kirk, Pastor of Mount Vernon Congregational Church, Boston. — Prof. George Bush, author of Notes on the Scriptures, N. Y. — Howard Malcom, D.D., author of BibU Diclicniary, and President of Lewisburg University. — Henry J. Ripley, D.D. , author of Notes on the Scriptitres, and Prof, in Newton Theo.
las. N. Porter, Prof, in Yale College, New Haven, Ct. — Jared Sparks, Edward Everett, Theodore Frelinghuysen,
KobertC. Winthrop, John MclX'an, Simon Greenleaf, Thomas S. Williams, — and a large number of others of like character and standing of the above, whose names can not here appear.
HISTORY OF PALESTINE, from the Patriarchal Age to the Present Time ; with Intro- ductory Chapters on the Geography and Natural History of the Country, and on the Customs and Institutions of (tiie Hebrews. By Jon.\ Kino, D.D. With upward of tivo hunired lUustmlions. 12rao. cloth, SI. 25. A very full compendium of the geography and history of Palestine, from the earUest era mentioned in Scripture, to the present day ; not merely a dry record of boundaries, and the succession of rulers, but an intelligible account of ilit agriculture, habits of life, literature, science, and art, with the religious, political, and judicial institutions of the inhabitants of the Holy Land in all ages. The descriptive portions of the work are increased in value by numerous wood-cuts. A more useful and instructive book has rarely been published. — N. Y. Commercial.
Whoever will read this book till he has possessed himself thoroughly of its content.?, will, we venture to say, read the Bible with far more intelligence and satisfaction during all the rest of his life. — Puritan Recorder.
Beyond all dispute, this is the best historical compendium of the Holy Land, from the days of Abraham to those of the late Pasha of Egypt, Mehemet Ali. — Edinburgh Renew.
XStf" In the numerous notices and reviews the work has been strongly recommended, as not only admirably adapted to the family, but also as a text book for Sabbath and week-day schools.
A TREATISE ON BIBLICAL CRITICISM ; Exhibiting a Systematic View of that Science.
By Samuel Davidson, D.D., of the University of Halle. Revised and enlarged edition, two elegant octavo volumes , cloth , S5 .
These volumes contain a statement of the sources of criticism, such as the MSS. of the Hebrew Bible and Greek Testament the principal versions of both, quotations from them in early writers,. parallels, —every thing, '° short. 18 discussed, which properly belongs to the criticufm of the text, comprehending all tliat comes under the title of CeneroX Introduction, iu Introductions to the Old and New Testaments.
GOULD & LINCOLN, Publishers, Boston.
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ANALYTICAL CONCORDANCE OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES ; or, The Bible presented
under Distinct and Classified Heads or Topics. By John Eadie, D.D., LL.D. , author o{ Biblical Oijdojjoedia ; Diclmiary of the Bibl<;,ei<;., eic. One Volume, royal octavo, 836 pp. Cloth, !S3; Sheep, $3.60. Jmt Published.
The publishers would call the special attention of Clergymen and others, to .some of the peculiar features of this great work.
1. It is a concordance of sulgects, not oi words. In this it differs from the common concordance, which, of course, it does not supersede. Both are necessary to the Biblical student.
2. It embraces all the topics, both secular and religious, which are naturally suggested by the entire contents of the Bible. In this it differs from the Scripture Manuals and Topical Text-books, which are confined to religious or doctrinal topics.
3. It contains tlie whole of the Bible u-ithoui abrictgment, differing in no respect from the Bible in common use, except in the classification of its contents.
4. It contains a synopsis, separate from the concordance, presenting, within the compass of a few pages, a bird's-eye view of the whole contents.
5. It contjiins a table of contents, embracing nearl}' two thousand heads, arranged in alphabetical order.
6. It is much superior to the only other work in the language, prepared on the same general plan, and is offered to the public at much less coat.
7. The purchaser gets not only a Concordance, but also a Bible, in this volume. The superior convenience arising out of this fact, — .saving, as it does, the necessity of having two books at hand, and of makmg two references, instead of one, — will be readily apparent.
The general subjects (under each of which there are a vast number of sub-divisions) are arranged as follows, viz. : — Agriculture — Animals — Architecture — Army — Arms — Body — Canaan — Convent — Diet and Dress — Disease and Death — Earth — Family — Genealogy — God — Heaven — Idolatry — Idols — Jesus Christ — Jews — Laws — Magistrates — Man — Marriage — Metals and Minerals — Ministers of Religion — Miracles — Occupations — Ordinances — Parables and Kmbleras — Persecution — I'raise and Prayer— Prophecy — Providence — Redemption — Sabbaths and Holy Days — Sacrifice — ^Scriptures — Speech — Spirits — Tabernacle and Temple — Vineyard and Orchard — Visions and Dream-s — War— Water.
MENTAL PHILOSOPHY ; including the Intellect, Sensibilities, and Will. By Josepu
Haven, Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy, Amherst College. Royal 12mo., cloth SI. 50.
Prof. Park, of Andover, having examined a large portion of the work in manuscript, says, " It i,s disti.vgulshkd for its clearness of style, perspicuity of method, candor of spirit, acumen, and comprehensiveness of tJiought. t have been heartily interested in it."
'' As a text book, it is pos.sessed of rare merit." — JV. Y. Ecangelist.
J^' Immediately on its publication, this work was adopted as a text book in Brouti Imivcrsity, Mt Holyoke Seminary, Amherst College, Spiyigler Institute, N. Y. Worce.^ter Female College, and others.
THE GREYSON LETTERS ; Correspondence of R. E. H. Gkeyson, Esq. Edited by
He.vry Roge!!S, author of Eclipse of Faith, etc. 12mo., cloth, $1.C5.
Mr. " Grevso.n " and Mr. Rocebs are one and the same person. " The Letters are intellectual gems, radiant
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HISTORY OF CHURCH MUSIC IN AMERICA. Treating of its peculiarities at different
periods ; its legitimate use and its abuse ; with Criticisms, Cursory Remarks, and Notices relating to Composers, Teachers, Schools, Choirs, Societies, Conventions, Books, etc. By N.^tua.mel D. Gould, Author of Social Harmony; C hurch Harmony ; Sacred Minstrel, etc. 12mo., cloth, 75 cents.
THE LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE OF JOHN FOSTER. Author of Decision of
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MALCOM'S (NEW) BIBLE DICTIONARY of the most important Names, Objects, and
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A COMMENTARY ON THE ORIGINAL TEXT OF THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES.
By Horatio B. Hackiht, D.D., Prof, of Biblical Literature and Interpretation, in the Newton Theo. Institution.
/1®~ This most important and very popular work, has been thoroughly revised (some parts being entirely rewritten), and considerably enlarged by the introduction of important new matter, the result of the Author'.s continued laborious investigations, since the publication of the first edition, aided by the more recent jjublished criticisms by other distinguished Biblical Scholars, in this country and in Europe.
CRUDEN'S CONDENSED CONCORDANCE ; a New and Complete Concordance to the
Holv Scriptures. By Ai.EXAyDER Crude.\. Revised and Re-edited by the Rev. David Ki.ng, LL.D. Octavo, cloth
backs, $1.25.
The principal variation from the Larger book, consists in the exclusion of the Bible Dicti'onary (which has always been an incumbrance), the condensation of the quotations of Scripture, arranged under their most obvious heads, which , while it diminishes the bulk of the work, greatly facilitates the finding of any required passage.
We have, in this edition of Cruden, the beat made better : that is, the present is better adapted to the purposes of a Concordance, by the erasure of superfluous references, the omi.ssion of unnecessary explanations, and the contraction of quotations, etc. It is better as a manual, and better adapted by its price, to "the means of many who need and ought to possess such a work, than the former large and exjiensi^e editifin. — Puritan Recorder.
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VALUABLE THEOLOGICAL WOEKS, i.
CROSBY, NICHOLS & COMPANY,
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The Eclipse of Faith ; or, A Visit to a Religious Sceptic. 1 vol. 12mo. pp. 468.
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Sermons for the People. By Rev. F. D. Huntington, D.D., Preacher to the Univer- sity, and Plummer Professor of Christian Morals in the College at Cambridge. Second.
Thousand. 1 vol. 12mo. Price, !gl.2.5. The Prophets and Kings of the Old Testament. A Series of Sermons Preached in
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" This periodical occupies ground very distinct from that of most christian Quarterlies. It is not so much religious in the subject of which it treats, as it is an expression of the views of religious men on secular and religious subjects."
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" The New Englander for November offers a rich and varied table of contents. It is by far the most vigorous, able, and instructive number of this Quarterly which has appeared in many months ; and if it may be taken as a specimen of the resources of the present Editor and Proprietor, the future volumes of the The Ncio Englandcr promise to excel even the first five of the series, when every number was fresh with living themes."
The conductors of the Neio Englander propose to make the Quarterly Journal, which has been under their charge for fifteen years, more efficient and valuable in every respect. They feel that there is special need at the present time that such a periodical should speak out with increased boldness in defense of that religious faith, and those political and religious principles which are dear to the children of New England. To such men, in every profession, position, and denomination, and in every part of the country, the Neto Englander Will seek to commend itself, in the hope that it will receive a cordial welcome, and excite in them warm sympathy and co-operation.
It is generally known that the Magazine is under the control of a club of gentlemen, residing in New Haven, Connecticut. Among their number are the President, and many of the Professors of Yale College, together with some of the pastors of the Congregational Churches in the city. Renewed assurances have been received from many of the ablest writers, New England men, in all parts of the country, that they will begin once more to give their constant assistance and contributions.
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Part I. — On Classical (Jeography and Chronology.
" II. — On Grecian and Koman Mythology.
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" IV. — On the Archa!ology of Grecian and Roman Ijterature and Art.
" V. — On the History of Grecian and Roman Literature. The volume is illustrated by twenty copper-plate engravings and wood-cuts, represt'nting more t han four hundred different objects ; and is embellished by a portrait of Prof. Fiske, from a fine engraving on steel.
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'• A work of a class of which ICnglish literature has very few ; and of which there is necessity for very many. * * * Mr. Hai'rison's book affords capital hints against lack of precision and failure in effect.'' — Literary World, iVew York.
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This work contains the Latin and the Greek roots of the English language, in alphabetical order, with more than thirty thjusand English derivative words, arranged under their ajjprojiriate roots ; also full explanations of the meaning of the Prefixes and Sufii.KCs of our language, and a Key referring each of the tlurty thousand English de- rivatives to its appropriate root, etc.
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ROBINSON'S BIBLICAL RESEARCHES IN PALESTINE. New Edition, with an entire new volume of Travels in 1852.
BIBLICAL RESEARCHI'S IX PALESTIXE, MOUNT SIN'AI, AND ARABIA PETR.EA ; :i Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Also, Later Biblical Researches in Palestine and Syria, a Journal of Travels in the year 1852, hy Edward Robinson, Eli Smith, and others. Undertaken in reference to Biblical Geography. Brawn up from the Original Diaries with Historical Illustrations. By Edw.ird Robi.nso.v, D.D., LL.D. , Professor of Bibhcal Literature in the Union Theological Seminary, New York. With a volume of new Maps and Plans of Mount Sinai, Jerusalem , Northern and Southern Palestine. Tlie whole comprised in 3 vols., 8vo. Volume Third, comprising the Travels in 1852, can be had separately.
" These Biblical Researches will unquestionably be henceforth regarded as one of the most precious contrib\itions tliat have ever been made to christian archajology. With a zeal as fresh and pure as it is ardent ; with a judg- ment that is serene, and a charity that is as amiable as his criticism is close and erudite, does the Professor lay before the reader an immense storehouse, crowded with materials that must excite the deepest interest. Nothing can be said or thought of this production that will not redound to the reputation of its author, or that wiU prevent it from becoming a model of research, and a standard authority in all time coming. — London Monthly Eevieiv.
NEANDER'S CHURCH HISTORY.
NEANDER'S GENERAL HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION AND CHURCH, complete, to the begin- ning of the Reformation. In five volumes, octavo, with a full and general index. Translated from the first, re- vised and altered throughout according to the second edition, by Joskpu Torrey, Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy in the University of Vermont.
" Dr. Neander's well-known characteristics — a profound and heart-affecting view of the substance of Christi- anity, love to all that bear the name of Christ, eminent candor and fairness in the judgment of character, mastery of the subject in all its details, careful sifting of testimony-, the ability to present a topic in its just limits and due proportions, — are nowhere more conspicuous than in this volume ; in their combination, these qualities place him far above any other church historian. We can not but rejoice that the history is brought before the English and American public in a form every way so worthy of it. — Biblioiheca Sacra.
SCOTT'S FAMILY BIBLE, the Boston stereotype edition, in .six volumes, royal 8vo., containing all the Notes, Practical Observations, Marginal References, and Critical Remarks, as in the most approved London edition, with a line engraved likeness of the author, family record, etc.
" I prefer Scott's Commentary on the Bible, above every similar work in the English language. Dr. Scott is a safe commentator and a deeply practical writer. I set a liigh value on the laboi's of Henry, Doddridge, and other practical, as well as learned writers upon the Bible ; but if I could give my family, or obtain for myself, but one Commentary, I should not hesitate to fix my choice upon Scott.'' — /fer. Dr. Cornelius, late Secretary of the Ameri- can Educatioti Society.
BUTI'ERWORTHS CONCORDANCE.
.STUART'S COM.MENTARY ON DANIEI,.
DR. EMMONS' WORKS. 6 vols.
ROBINSON'S CALMET'S DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE.
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LEXICON. TOWNSEND'S BIBLE. 2vols.,8vo. WORCESTER'S WATTS' AND SELECT HYMNS. PROF. ANDREWS' SERIES OF LATIN BOOKS. REV'DS JACOB AND JOHN S. C. ABBOTT'S NOTF>S ON
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WELI,, D.D. .VSSLSTANT TO FAMILY RiajGION, by Rev. Wm. Cogs-
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INGS. Lira AND LABORSOF RE\'. SAMUEI.WORCF>STFJ?, D.D. ARE YOU A CHRISTIAN? By Rev. Hlbh^rd Winsixiw. EMFJ^ON'S "EVANGEIJCAL PRLMFJ?,"' AND '-BIB
LICAL OUTLINE." PILGRIMAGE OF ADAM AND DAVID, by Rev. Jamk3
Gauaokr. LIFE OF JEREMIAH EVARTS, etc. , etc. , etc.
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Lectures on the History of Ancient Philosophj',
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'■ Many a good Greek scholar must have lived and died with less of a real knowledge of Plato, after years of study, than a thoughtful English reader may receive from this book in a week." — London Examiner.
The Gospsis; with Moral Reflections on each
Verse, ^y P.v^jl'ikr Qi:e.--xel. With an Introductory Essay, by the Rev. Daniel Wii,so.v, A.M., (now Bishop of Calcutta). Carefully revised by the Rev. Henry A. BOARDMA.V, D.D., 2 vols., Svo, $1.
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" It is conformed to the latest discoveries in Africa, and in the Arctic and Antarctic circles ; it shows all the great pathways across the several oceans, with that of the Atlantic Telegraph, that is to be ; the nations are distinguished by well contrasted colors ; and no labor or expense, apparently, is grudged, to make this the most lucid and trustworthy Map of the World in existence." — N. Y. T)-ibi(ne.
Mitchell's New Traveler's G-uide through the United States
and the Canadas,
Containing the Principal Cities and Towns, alphabetically arranged ; together with Railroad, Steam- boat, Stage, and Canal routes ; with Tables of places, and distances from place to place. Illustrated by an accurate Jlap of the United States, showing the Lines of finished Railroads, and their more important Connections. Compiled, and brought up to the present day, from the most recent and reliable sources. A Pocket 18mo. volume. Price $1.
Mitchell's Pocket Maps of all the States and Territories.
Tln'se celebrated Maps have hecn revised and imiiroved, and arc now the most accurate and reliable of any published. Outline and other Maps, of all descriptions, furnished to order.
XII. CHARLES DESILVER, PHILADELPHIA.
VALUABLE SCHOOL BOOKS PTJBLISHED BY 714 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.
SCHOOL HISTORIES. Frost's History of the United States, for the use of scliools and academies, illustrated
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Lord's History of the United States. A new History of the United States of America,
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MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
Bishop Butler's Ethical Discourses, to which are added some remains, hitherto unpublished. Prepared as a Text Book in Moral Philosophy, with a Syllabus by Dr. Whewell. Edited hy the Rev. Joseph C. Passniore, A.M., Professor of Mental Philosophy in the College of St.
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Guy's Astronomy, and Keith on the Glores, half roan 75
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Sargent's Standard Speaker ; containing exercises in Prose and Poetry, for declamation in Schools, Academies, Lyceums, Colleges. Newlj' translated or comjiiled from celebrated Orators, Authors, and popular Debaters, ancient and modern. A Treatise on Oratory and Elocution, by Epes Sargent. 1 vol. crown 8vo half roan 1 50
Sargent's Selections in Poetry, for exercises at School and at Home ; edited by Epes Sar- gent ; with illustrations by Billings, and others. 1 vol. 12mo half Morocco 1 13
Sargent's Intermediate Standard Speaker ; introductory to Sargent's Standard Speaker ; containing Preliminary Instructions, with Diagrams, and a variety of Exercises for Declama- tion, with Dialogues, etc. ; carefully adajited to the advanced wants of Schools. 1 vol., 12mo '. half roan 1 00
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ViRGiii Interlinear ; ^\'ith the original text reduced to the natural order of construction ; and an interlinear translation as nearly literal as the idiomatic difference of the Latin and English languages will allow. Adapted to the system of Classical Instraction, combining the methods of Ascham, Milton, and Locke. By Levi Hart and V. R. Osborn half calf 1 50
Horace Interlinear. A new edition, carefully revised and collated, by Thomas Clark. One
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C.ESARS CoMiiENTARiES ; with an analytical and interlinear translation, by Thomas Clark.
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Sallust. Interlinear translation. One vol. 12mo half Morocco 1 50
IJV PRESS.
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Homer's Iliad. Interlinear translation. By Hamilton and Clark
MeS' Desa-ipiive Catalogues furnished on aiypjication, and any Book sent by mail, postage paid, on receipt of advertised price.
BANCROFT, REDFIELD, & UIGK, NEW YORK.
XIII.
COMMUNION SETS.
BANCROFT. REDFELD
177 BEO A_D^VA_Y.
MANUFACTURERS OF
inx^^A^OO]NrS,
AND EVERY OTHER DESCRIPTION OF
^mm$
fiisi iiiyif iiifii piiiii wiiii
A Liberal Discount made from the regular rates for
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XIV. STEINWAY & SONS, 8i WALKER STREET, NEW YORK.
Hl^^-nl'4
W^PmF*, rfcif 0^1 (i^^
m
£2)
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MANUFACTURERS,
No. 84 Walker St., near Broadway, New York,
Were awarded the First Premium where and whenever they brought their Piano-Fortes into competition with the best makers of Boston, JS^ew York, Phihidelphia, and Baltimore.
Received the two First Prize Medals at the Metropolitan Fair. Wash- ing-ton, 1855.
The First Premium, a Gold Medal, for the best Piano-Forte at the American Institute, Crystal Palace, New York, 1855.
The First Premium, a Gold Medal, for the best Piano-Forte at the Maryland Institute, Baltimore, 1856.
The First Prize Medal for the best Piano-Forte at the American In- stitute, Crystal Palace, New York, 1856.
(We had no Piano-Fortes in the Crystal Palace, 1857.)
The First Premium, a Gold Medal, for the best Grand Piano at the Maryland Institute, Baltimore, .1857.
The First Premium at the State Fair, Detroit, 1857.
The First Premium at the State Fair, Richmond, 1857.
Among the judges were the first musical talent of the coun- try, such as W". Mason, Gottschalk, Wollenhaupt, etc.
Grand and Square Pianos, constructed with the full wooden and iron frame combined, are warranted for three j^ears, and will now be sold at greatly reduced prices to suit the times.
STEIISrAV^Y & SONS,
84 WALKER STREET, NEAR BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
JONES & CO., THOV, N, Y
XV,
Tiif
JONES & COMPANY, PROPRIETORS,
FOUINIKKLY
JONES it HITCHCOCK, Cor. Adams and First Sts., TROY, IST. Y.
The subscribers, owing- to their increased facilities for mauufacturiiig' Bells, are now prepared to make Bells for churches, factories, steamboats, school houses, plantations, etc., etc., cast in metallic moulds, giving a g-roater volume of sound and longer vibration, and hung with Ilildreth's Patent Ro- tary Yoke, to Avhich they have the exclusive right in the United States and Canadas, which yoke allows the Bell to be turned at pleasure, thus lessen- ing the liability to break. We w^ould advise all to call and examine before purchasing, as we intend to sell as low, and give better satisfaction, than any other foundry. Address,
JOIN^ES & CO.,
TROY BELL FOUNDRY. TROY. Rensselaer Co., N. Y.
XVI.
GROVER & BAKER SEWING MACHINE COMPANY. NEW YORK.
IMPORTANT TO CLERGYMEN'S WIVES!
EVERY
F A M I L Y
SHOULD HAVK A
iwvorer ^^ Sfeher Sewing •Wtichine,
They are unquestionably the hest in the market for Family
purposes.
The Grover «fe Baker Sewing Machine Company have for some time past been making a reduction in the price of their machines when ordered for use by Foreign Missions, and many have availed themselves of this liberal arrangement. It having been suggested to them that they might with equal propriety extend the same privileges to others, whose sphere of usefulness is at home, they are pleased to make the same offer of a liberal discount to Clergymen with families, who purchase for their own use; and to all religious or ciiARiTAiiLE SOCIETIES lukcrc tkc machines are to be used for purposes of charity.
THE GROVER & BAKER SEWING MACHINE COMPANY desire to dis- pense the benefits of their Family Sewing Machines, in the shortest practicable time, to all the families throughout the land. Its value to the family circle can only be appreci- ated by those who have used one. It is simple in construction, easily managed, will not get out of order, and sews a stronger and more beautiful seam than can be done by hand, and in less than one fourth the time. The seam it sews will not rip, even if every third stitch be cut. It is unquestionably the best Machine in the market for family purposes, and every father who values the health, comfort, and convenience of his wife and daugh- ters, should purchase a Grover & Baker Sewing Machine for family use.
All orders sent pursuant hereto must be accompanied with the cash, and sent to one of the Company's principal sales rooms, viz. :
495 BROADWAY, NEW YORK,
18 SUMMER SRTEET BOSTON,
730 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
Address
aROVER & BAKER S. M. CO.
ins CONGREGATJONAL Ll3><A«l
Bouaib llA«MCHu»en« 02101
AMEEICAN
Cmioremitioiial ^3eHr-looli,
/J A) (yj
FOR T H K YEAR
1858.
"v o X. xj 3N«a: E i^irTH.
AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION,
OFFICE, APPLETOX'S BUILDING, 348 BROADWAY.
N. A. CALKINS, TREASURER.
1858.
AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION.
Office and Reading-room of the Union (room No. 8), 348 Broadway, open from 8 a.m., to 6 p.m. ; where may be procured Congregational publi- cations, Hymn Books, and the publications of the Massachusetts Sabbath School Society.
The objects of the Union are — to provide for Congregationalists a center of correspondence and of fraternal intercourse, and an office for information on all subjects connected with the organization of churches — to publish an annual volume, which is furnished to each member, embodying the statistics of all the District and State Associations — and to concentrate and increase the sympathy and energy of the scattered members of the Congregational family, for their greater usefulness and comfort in the work of the Lord.
A register is kept at the office of the Union, for the accommodation of the members, in which are entered the names and location of churches that are without settled pastors, with names and address of persons to whom applica- tion may be made relative to a supply. There is also kept a similar register for clergymen who are without stated employment. By this means a ready correspondence may be had that will save much of the delay and trouble usually attending the engagements between churches and pastors. Officers of vacant churches, and clergymen, are invited to communicate information of vacancies, etc., to the Recording Secretary, and also report to the same when said vacancies are supplied.
Any person approving of the objects of the Union, may become a member for life, on the payment of twenty-five dollars or more, at one time ; or a member for the current year, on the payment of one dollar or more.
N. A. Calkins, Rec. Sec. and Treas.
TH05IAS HOLMAN, Steam Prixtki!,
COR. OF WHITE AND ELM STS.
PKEFACE.
To THE readers of the Ycar-Book, the following- pages are ofFered as the result of no small amount of labor, and with the hope that their contents will repay perusal. While the Ministerial Catalog'ue, and the Statistics of the Churches, are confessedly im- perfect in some particulars, yet there is satisfaction in knowing- that they are, in the main, reliable, and nearer to complete accu- racy than have ever before been published.
The type of the Ministerial Catalogue has been reduced to admit of the full christian name ; and district scribes are most affec- tionatel}"' urged, in all instances, to give the first name in full, as it is essential to complete returns, and in no other way can a per- fect list of ministers be made up.
Imitating the noble example of the State in which much the larg'est number of churches is to be found, full returns from every quarter will be looked for next year. In no State could such a work be done without a purpose and corresponding exertions, and what has been done in Massachusetts can be done iu other States, with a similar effort. Let each scribe begin in season, and press the returjis from every church, until ever}' one has reported, and the reward will a thousand times repay the toil.
Especial attention is invited to the statements concerning the Librarj'- Association on page 1 64 — it is hoped that the call for aid will be responded to by every friend of the Puritans ; that a building worthy the object, and adapted to our wants, may speedily rise up in the Home of Congregationalism.
Grateful for the reports of revivals which have been received for this Volume, it is most earnestly desired that for the next, of
IV. PREFACE.
all these blessed effusions of the Spirit due note will be taken, for the benefit of all our readers.
The compiler is greatly indebted to many of his brethren for suggestions, and for a number of the articles whicli enrich the following pages. It is due to him to record here that a sudden death in his family, as the last sheets were going to press, has delayed the issue of tliis number quite beyond his previous arrangements.
The question has been asked, " Why cumber the Year-Book, fore and aft, with advertisements ? " It is answered, because they all convey important information to many of our readers, for which many thanks have been tendered, and because they aid us m-a-t-e- r-i-a-1-l-y in meeting the expenses of publication and distribution ; and for this course we have the sanction of our older cotemporary, the Congregational Union of England and Wales, whose yearly issue has twice as many as ours. With proper discrimination, it is believed our course will be generally commended, because it will be generally useful.
That this humble effort may be productive of some permanent good, that all our churches may be sound in doctrine, strong in faith, abounding in charity, seeking for those things which make for peace, and things whereby one may edify another, and that numbers may be added to them of such as shall be saved, is the earnest prayer of
ISAAC P. LANGWORTHY.
New York, Jan. 8, 1858.
CONTENTS
PAGR.
Officers 7
Constitutiou 8
Life Members 9
Annual Members 10
Statement 1^
Annual Meeting — Report 17
Discourse — Congregational Pulpit. Dr. Sliepartl 22
Business Meeting 40
Congregationalism 42
Forming a Cliurch 43
Articles of Faith 45
Covenant 45
The Pastor's Relation 46
Alphabetical List of Ministers 49
Statistics CO
tSxATrsTics OF THE- Churches: —
" Maine 67
" New Hampshire 68
" Vermont 70
" Massachusetts 71
" Rhode Island 74
'■ Connecticut 74
" New York 76
" New Jersey 79
" Pennsylvania 79
" Ohio 79
" Indiana 81
•' Illinois 81
" Michigan 82
" Wisconsin 83
" Iowa 84
" Minnesota 85
" Oregon 86
" California 86
" * Kansas 86
" Nebraska 86
" Canada 86
Remarks 87
Catalogue of Ministers Deceased in 1857 89
Biographical Notices , 90
Revival Record 122
VI. CONTENTS.
Sketches of Chtocues : — page.
" Plymouth Church. Adrian, Mich 145
'• "\Vinui.«immet Church. Chelsea, Ms 159
Theological Semlnakies : —
" I. — Andover 153
'• II.— Bangor 156
•* III.— Yale, New Haven 158
'• IV. — Theological Institute, East Windsor 159
v.— Oberlin 160
VI.— Chicago 161
Massachusetts Sabbath School Society 163
Congregational Library Association 164
Congregational Board of Publication 166
Meetings and Scribes of General Associations 167
Books of Congregational Board 168
Anxiety and Health 170
COITGREGATIONAL PAPERS RECEIVED AT THE OFFICE OF THE UNION.
The Independent, published by Joseph II. Ladd, No. 22 Beekman street, N. Y.,
$2 per annum, in advance. The Coxgregationalist, published by Galen James 4.t Co., No. 120 Washington
street, Boston, $2 per annum, in advance. The Puritan Recorder, published by Moore, Ridel, & Co., No. 22 School street,
Boston, $2 per annum, in advance. Congregational Journal, published by Benuing W. Sanborn, at the Franklin
Book store, Concord, N. H., $1 75 per annum, in advance. The Vermont Chronicle, published by Bishop & Tracy, at AVindsor, Vt., $2 per
annum, in advance. Congregational Herald, published No. 53 La Salle street, Chicago, 111., Rev.
H. L. Hammond office editor, $2 per annum, in advance. The Maine Evangelist, published by Nelson Dingloy, jr., Lewistown, Me., $2
per annum, in advance. The Christian Mirror, published by C. A. Lord &, Co., No. 96 Middle street,
Portland, Me., $2 per annum, in advance. The Religiol'S Herald, published by David B. Mosley, corner of Main and Asy- lum streets, Hartford, Ct., SI 75 per annum, in advance. The Oberlin Evanoblibt, published by J. M. Fitch. Oberlin, 0., $1 per annum,
in advance.
OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION. VII. OFFICKRS
OK TIIK
AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION.
FOR 1857--8.
PUESIDENT.
REV. LEONARD BxVCON, D.D., of New Haven.
ViCE-FRKSIDENTS.
Hon. Bradford R. Wood, Albany, N. Y.
Rev. George Shepard, D.D., Bangor, Me.
Rev. Mark HoPKixrf, D.D., Williams- town, Ms.
Hon. Emory W ashburx, Worcester, Ms.
Rev. Chas. Walker, D.D., Pittsfield, Vt.
Hon. Aristarcuus CuAMPio\,Rociiester,
N. Y.
Rev. H. D. Kitciiell, Detroit, Micli. Rev. T. M. Post, D.D., St. Louis, Mo. Rev. Edwards A. Park, D.D., Amlover.
Ms. Hon. a. M. Collins, Hartford, Ct. Rev. 0. E. Daggett, D.D.. Cauan-
daigna, N. Y.
Rev. William Patton, D.D., New York,
Rev. Jonathan Leavitt, D.D., Provi- dence, R. I.
Rev. J. M. Sturtevant, D.D., Jackson- ville, 111.
Rev. J. H. Lixsley, D.D., Greenwich, Ct.
Hon. H. B. Spellman, Cleveland, 0.
Rev. B. p. Stone, D.D., Concord, K H.
S. B. GooKiNS, Esq., Terre Haute, Ind.
Rev. T. Dwight Hunt. Ithaca, N. Y.
REA^ T. WicKES, Marietta, O.
Rev. Julius A. Reed, Davenport, Iowa.
Hon. William T. Eustis, Boston, Ms.
Rev. R. S. Storrs. Jr., D.D., " W. L Budington. D.D., Rev. J. ^. Thompson, D.D., Seth B. Hunt, Israel Minor, S. B. Chittenden, Wm. G. West, Henry C. Bowen. A. S. Barnes, Wm. C. Gilman, George Walker.
Rev. Rufus W. Cl^vuke,
C. M. Moore,
L. Edgerton,
Wm. Allen,
Henry A. Hurlbut,
CuAS. Powers,
Jas. Elwell,
Rev. Isaac P. Langworthy.
N. A. Calkins.
James Freeiand,
corresponding HECHETAin'.
Rev Lsaac P. Langworthy.
recording SECRETARY" AND TREASURER.
N. A. Calkins. Office, No. 8 Appletou's Building, 348 Broadway, New York.
CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
CONSTITUTION.
I. — This Association shall be known in law as The Amkrican Coxgrfjgationa r- Union.
II. — The particular business and objects of the Society shall be, to collect, pre- serve, and publish authentic information concerning the history, condition, and continued progress of the Congregational Churches in all parts of this country, with their affiliated institutions, and with their relations to kindred churches and institutions in other countries : —
To promote, by tracts and books, by devising and recommending to the public plans of co-operation in building meeting-houses and parsonages, and in provid- ing parochial and pastoral libraries, and in other methods, the progress and well - working of the Congregational Church polity ;
To afford increased facilities for mutual acquaintance and friendly intercourse and helpfulness among ministers and churches in the Congregational order ;
And, in general, to do whatever a voluntary association of individuals may do. in christian discretion, and without invading the approjiriate field of any existing institution, — for the promotion of evangelical knowledge and piety in connection with Congregational principles of church government.
III. — Its business shall be managed by a Board of not more than thirty, nor less than five Trustees.
MEMBERS.
Any person approving the objects of this Society, and desirous of co-opera- ting with it, may become a member for life on the payment of twenty-five dollars or more, at one time ; or a member for the current year on the payment of any other sum not less than one dollar.
OFFICERS.
The Officers of this Society shall be a President, Vice-President, a Board of Trustees, together with a Treasurer, Secretary, and such other executive officers as shall be needful for the transacting of its business.
The President, Vice-President, and Board of Trustees, shall be elected by the Union, at the annual meeting. The Secretary, Treasurer, and other agents, shall be appointed by the Trustees.
The Trustees shall have entire charge and ovex'sight of the business of the Union, with power to fill vacancies in their number until the next annual elec- tion.
MEETINGS.
The annual meeting of the Union shall be held in New York or Brooklyn, on the second Thursday in May, when the report of the Board of Trustees shall be presented, the election of officers take place, and other appropriate business be transacted.
Special meetings may be called in New York, or elsewhere, either by vote of the Union, or at the request of a majority of the Trustees, of which extensive public notice shall be given.
LIFE MEMBERS.
LIFE MEMBERS.
BY THE PAYMENT OF TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS OR UPWARD.
Addinglon, Sumuel H. , Niagara City, N. Y. Arms, Rev. H. P., Norwich, Ct. Atkinson, Rev. T., Westport, Ct. Benton, Rev. J. A., Sacramento, Cal. Bond, Rev Alvan, D.D., Norwich, Ct. Bowen, Henry C, Brooklyn, N. Y'. Buckingham, Hon. William A., Norwich, Ct. Buckingham, Rev. Samuel G., Springfield, M3. Budington, Rev. W. I., D.D., Brooklyn, N. Y. Butler, Rev. Jeremiah, Bergen, N. Y. Capron, Rev. W. C, Uxbridge, Ms. Chittenden, Simeon B. , Brooklyn, N. Y. Clark, Rev. RufusW., "
Clarke, Mr.s. Peter, Brussels, Ms. Coe, Israel, Brooklyn, N Y. Cunningham, Rev John, Penn Yan, N. Y. Davis, Rev. J. G., Amherst, N. H. Edgerton, Lycurgus, Brooklyn, N. Y. Fe.ssenden, T. K., Ellington, Ct Field, Rev. George W. , Boston, Ms. Freeland, James, Brooklyn. N Y. Frost, R. S. , Chelsea, Ms. Gulliver, Rev. J. P., Norwich, Ct. Hall, Rev. Gordon, Northampton, Ms. HaU, W. A.,New Y'ork. Horton, Rev. Francis, Harrington, R. I. Hunt, Seth B., New Y'ork James, Rev. Horace, Worcester, Ms. Langworthy, Rev. Isaac P., Chelsea. Ms.
I/;eds, Rev. Samuel P., New York, linsley, Rev. Joel H., D.D., Greenwich, Ct. McNamee, Theodore, New Y''ork. Mills, Rev. C. L., No. Bridgewater, Ms. Minor, Israel, New Y'ork. Morgan, Rev. Henry H., Franklin, N. Y. Palmer, Rev. Ray, D.D., Albany, N. Y. Perkins, Rev. F. T. , Williamsburg, Ms Putnam, Douglas, Harmer, 0. Rice, Rev. C. D., Poughkeepsio, N. Y. Roberts, Rev. George W., WilliamsGcId, 0. Rood, Rev. Thomas H., Goshen, Ms. Rowell, Rev. Jos., Aspinwall, N. G. Stedman, Ch.arles, Jr., Brooklyn, N. Y. Storrs, Rev. R. S. , Jr. , D.D. , " Stowe, Rev. Calvin E., D.D., Andover, Ms. Sweetser, J. A., New York, Thompson, Rev. J. P., D.D., New Y'ork Turner, Rev. Asa, Denmark, lo. Walker, Rev. Charles, D.D., Pittsford, Vt. Walker, George, New York. We.st, William G., " Wickes, Rev. Tliomas, Marietta, 0. Williams, Mrs. D. S., Goshen, Ms. Williams, George H. , Brooklyn, N. Y. Wood, Hon. B. B., Albany, N. Y. Wood, Oliver E. , New York. Woodruff, Albert, Brooklyn, N. Y. Woodworth, Rev. C. L., Amherst, Ms.
10
CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
ANNUAL MEMBERS
BY THE PAYMENT OF ONE DOLLAR AND UPWARD.
Adams, Rev, G. E., D.D., Brunswick, Me. AdamB, Kev. John C, Andover, Ms. Adams, Rev. Tht)ma.«, Hambden, O. Atwater, Kev. Kdward E. , New Haveu, Ct. Atwater, Rev. Jason, Newlown, Ct. Bacon, Kev. L., D.D., New Haven, Ct. Bacon, Kev. L. W., Litchfield, tt. Badger, Rev. Milton, D.D., New York. Baldwin, Rev. A. C, Durham, Ct. Barnum, Rev. S. W., I'hiUipston, Us. Bartlett, Rev. S. C, tliicago, 111. Bassett, Rev. E. B., Cuttingsville, Vt. Ba.ssett, Rev. Wra. E., Central Village, Ct. Batchelder, Rev. F. E. M., Brooklyn, N. Y. BaylLss, Rev. Samuel, Brooklyn, N. Y. Belden, Rev. W. W., Hartford, Ct. Berry, T. S. , New York. Blatchford, E. W., St. Louis, Mo. Bliss, Rev. Asher, Stockton, N. Y. Brown, Rev. Wm. B. , Newark, N. J. Bryan, Rev. Geo. A., New Haven, Ct. Burnell, T. S,, Madura, India. Burnham, Rev. Chas,, Meredith Village, N. II. Butler, Rev. Jeremiah, Bergen, N. Y. ButtertieW, H. Q., Hallowell, Me. Calkins, N. A., New York. Camp, Rev. Amzi, New York. Carew, S. S. , Stonington , Ct. Carter, Rev. Wm., Pittsfield, lU. Chapman, E. 1)., Earmington, I'a. Child, Rev. WiUard, U.D., Castleton, Vt. Chipman, Rev. R. M., Guilford, Ct. Chittenden, Miss M. I., Chelsea, Ms. Cleaveland, Rev. J. B., So. Egremont, Ms. Cobb, Rev. H. W., McLean, 111. Coggswell, Rev. Nath'l., Yarmouth, Ms. Coit, Robert, New London, C^ Colton, Rev. E., West Haven, Ct. Cowles, Rev. Henry, Oberlin, 0. Crane, Rev. Jonathan, Attleboro, Ms. Curtis, Rev. 0. E., Emerald Grove, Wis. Davenport, Silas, Brooklyn, N. Y. Davis, Henry, Philadelphia, Pa. Day, Rev. Warren, Wauwatosa, Wis. Dewey, Rev. Wm., Churchville, N. Y. Dill, Rev. James H., Spencerport, N. Y. Dole, Rev. Geo. T. , Lanesboro, ils. Douglas, Amos, jr., Franklin, N. Y. Downs, Rev. Azel, Mount Hope, N. Y. Duncan, T. W., Chilmark, Ms. Bunning, Rev. H. N. , Gloversville, N. Y. Dyer, Kev. Da\-id, Albany, N. Y. Eaton, Rev. S. W., Framingham, Ms. Eggleston, Rev. N. H., Madison, Wis. Elliot, Rev. H. B., Stamford, a. Fletcher, Rev. James, Danvers, Ms, Forbush, Rev. John, Mercer, Me.
Foster, Rev. William C. , Chicago, 111. Francis, Rev. James H., New York. Eraser, Rev. John, Derby Center, Vt. Gibbs, Rev. Sam'l T., Port JeCfenson, N. V. Gilman, Rev. E. W. , Cambridgeport, Ms. Goodenow, Rev. S. B. , Sauguerties, N. Y. Greene, Rev. R. S., Brooklyn, N. Y. Grosvenor, Rev. Chas. P., Stoueham, Ms. Hale, Rev. E. , Up. Aqueboque, L. I. Hall, Nelson, Waterbury, Ct. Halliwell, Rev. William H., Waupun, Wis. Harries, Rev. T. , Miller's Place, L. I. Hart, Kev. J. C. , Ravenna, 0. Harvey, Rev. W. N., Bethel, Ct. Hayes, Rev. S. H. , Frankfort, Me.
Hibbard, , Brunswick, Me.
Hine, Rev. S. , Groton, Ct. Hodgson, Jo.seph, Blooming! on, 111. Holbrook, Rev. J. C. , Dubuque, lo. Holmes, Saml. , New York. Holmes, Wm. B. , New York Hopley, Rev. Saml., Wellfleet, Ms. Hubbard, Rev. Geo., Tonica, 111. Hubbard, Mi.ss P. F. , Champion, N. Y. Huntington, Rev Daniel, New London, Ct. Hurd, Kev. P. R., Romeo, Mich. Jennings, Rev. Isaac, Bennington, Vt Je.'ssup, Rev. Henry A., Stanwich, Ct. Johnson, Rev. Samuel, Lockport, N V. Knight, Rev. R., So. Hadley Falls, Ms. Kinney, Rev. M. P., Racine, Wis. I^nca.ster, Rev Daniel, Middletown, N. Y Ijithrop, Kev. Daniel W., New Haven, Ct. Ixach, Rev. C A., Payson, III. Leavitt, Rev. H. F. , Vergcnnes. Vt. Lee, S. 0., New Village, L. I lycete, Rev. Theo. A., Windsor, Ct. Lockwood, Munson, Brooklyn, N. Y. I.ongley, Rev. M. N. , Peru, Ms. Loomis, H., Jr., New Haven, Ct. Love, Rev. Wm. D. L., Milwaukee, Wis. Magill, Rev. S. W., Waterbury, Ct. Marvin, Rev. E. P., Medford, Ms. Mason, Rev J., Hamilton, 111. McCall, H. S., Albany, N. Y. McNab, William, New York. Mead. Rev. Darius, New Haven, Ct. Merwin, S. J. M.. Southport, a. Merrill, Rev. Truman A., Bristol, Me. Morley, Rev. S. B., Attleboro, Ms. Munson, Kev. F. , East Windsor, Ct. Nye, A. T., Marietta, O. Owen, David, New York. Page, Rev. Robert, Farmington, O. Palmer, Kev G. W., Bath, 0. I'armelee, Rev. David L. , S Farms, Ct Parsons, Rev. J. U., Ogdcn, K. T.
ANNUAL MEMBERS.
U
Parsons, Samuel L. , Brooklyn, N. Y. Patrick, Rev. William, Boscawen, N. H. Payne, Rev. Jos. H., I'omfret, Ct Pennell, Rev. L. , W. Stockbridgre, Ms. Putnam, Rev. I. W., 1). I)., Middlcbore, Ms. Reed, Rev. Julius A., navenport, lo. Rogers, Rev. Stephen, Northlield, Ct. Root, Rev- David, New Haven, Ct. Root, James P., Brooklyn, N. Y Ropes. Rev W. L. , Wrenthani , Ms. Sands, W. I)., Waverly, 111. Sargent, Rev R. M., Gilmanton, N. H. Sarles, Jacob, Plainfield, N. H. Sawyer, Rev. Daniel, So. Merrimack, X. H. Sawin, Rev. T. P., Brookline, N. H. Scott, Rev. Charles, Jericho Center, Vt. Scoville, Edward, Waterbury, Ct. Selden, E. D., Brandon, Vt. Sessions, F. C. , Columbus, O. Sewall, Rev. Jona., \o. Granville, Me. Shattuck, Rev. C. S., Union Village, N. Y. Sheldon, Rev. C. B., Excelsior, Min. Sheldon, Rev. Stuart, Wellsville, N. Y. Shipman, Rev. T. L., Jewett Oty, Ct Simmons, Edward, Lockport, N. Y. Skinner, Rev. A. L., Rockport, Me. Smith, Elijah, Middletown, N. Y. Smith, Itev. A., Boscawen, N. 11. Smith, Prof. E. C. , Brunswick, Me. Southworth. Rev. T. D., White Creek, N. Y. Spellman, Rev. H. B. , Burlington, lo. Stacy, S. G., Fort Des Moines, lo. Stone, Rev A. L., Boston, Ms.
Stone, Rev. B. P., D.D., Concord, N. H St. John, Rev. 0., New York. Tappau, Rev. B., D.I)., Augusta, Me. Taylor, Edward, Andover, Ms Taylor, Rev. James F". , Penn Yann, N. Y. Taylor, Henry W. , Canandaigua, N. Y. Tliomas, R. D., Rome, N. Y. Thurston, Rev. David. Searsport, Mc. Tompkins,- Rev. W. R.', Brooklyn, N. Y. Torrey, Rev. W. T., Edinburg, 0. IVask, Rev. George, Fitchburg, Ms. Twining, Rev. Kinsley, New Haven, Ct. Tvler, Rev. William, Pawtucket, Ms. Walker, Rev. A., West Rutland, Vt. Ward, C. I!., Franklin, N. Y. Wetherell, Rev. Isaac, WiUiamstown, Ms. Whitcomb, Rev. W. C, Southbridge, Ma. White, Rev. O. H., Washington Hights, N. Y. Whitman, Rev. A L. , Westerley, R. I. Whitraore, Rev. Alfred A., Welshfield, 0. Whitmore, Wm. H., Southbury, Ct. Whitney, Rev. E. , New Baltimore, Mich. Wickes, Rev. H., Guilford, a. Willard, Rev. S. G., Willimantic, Ct. Williams, T. W., Emerald Grove, Wis. Williams, Wilmot, Ehzabeth, N. J. Winslow, Rev. Horace. New Britain, Ct. WoodhuU, Rev. J. A., Wadhams Mills, N. Y. Woodruff. Rev. Richard, Rickford, N. Y. Woodworth, Rev. W. W. Waterbury, Ct. Young, Rev. John K., Laconia, N H. Youngs, Rev. C. , Baiting Hollow, I,. I.
12 CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
STATEMENT.
The Secretary of tlic American CoDgreg-ational Union avails himself of this method of stating a few facts, and suggesting- a few considerations connected with the work Avhicli the Trustees have undertaken to perform, especially that of aiding feeble but promising Congregational churches, which are destitute, in erect- ing houses of worship.
It is conceded, on all hands, that no chjirch can hope to be a successful church until it has a house of worship ; that no church can expect to add materially to its membership or worshipers, and hence to its strength, until it has such a structure ; that very few churches ever have built, or ever will build, their first house of worship without extrinsic aid from some source ; and that, when such aid is secured, and such an edifice is erected and paid for, few churches would long be dependent for help in sustaining worship.
It is know^n generally, it is presumed, that the amount required to secure such a boon to needy churches is very small in propor- tion to the amount which, in all cases, would be raised in response to an overture for that purpose. From three to eight times the sum given will in all cases be secured in substance, though not always or generally in money, and Avill l)c invested in substantial houses built for the Lord. And again, it is known that, until a church has such a building, it has not the first guarantee of per- manency, and not till then has it become a power in the commu- nity where it is located. And yet, again, it will be conceded by all that the missionary or the pastor who is denied the privilege of calling together and of holding together his people in one place, hallowed and sacred from its adaptation and consecration to the worship and service of the Triune God, is crippled and cir- cumscribed in his influence at least an hundred per cent. He can not exei't one-half the influence he would exert had he the facilities for his work which the sanctuary would give him. Ptiul
STATEMEI^T. 13
and his associates lomid the synagogue in almost all places throughout Judea and the regions adjacent, where they so suc- cessfully preached the gospel. The minister of Christ at this day wants, and must have, the synagogue, a place of worship, to be in like manner successful.
Know, then, that there arc at this moment more than four hundred Congregational, Puritan churches in the United States and territories which have no such structures, and who, situated as they now are, can not have. They would, in every case, do most toward erecting the needed place of worship, but they can not do all ; nor that which is essential to enable them to do what they can do. They wait, and will wait ; and, in most instances, must wait the overture from some source of the nucleus, the proffer of a small part on the condition that they make up the balance.
This destitution is found in all the free States and territories, mostly in the newer west, and there are unmistakable indications that importunate calls from the south-west will soon reach us. And, moreover, there is every reason to believe that this destitu- tion will continue to exist, so long as the tide of emigration flows toward the Pacific shores. From seventy-five to one hundred Congregational churches might and ought to be organized every year, and would be, unquestionably, if our brethren and sisters going out from us could be assured of the same aid in erecting sanctuaries for Congregational churches that will be kindl}'^ ten- dered them if they will adopt another church politj^ So that the %vant is now extensive and imperious — and it will be perpetual — calling for vigorous and systematic efforts to meet it.
Tiie importance of meeting this want, and meeting it now, can not be over estimated. Many churches otherwise prosperous, will remain feeble or die out, unless they are speedily aided in securing sanctuaries. And, then, it can be done so cheaply. In no other charity will such immediate and rich returns be realized. For every dollar given, more than si.x will be raised and invested for Christ in the most productive form available to christian be- neficence. Of the comparative importance of this object, viewed in connection with our older and established charities, it should be known that unless the destitute are in some way supplied with the needed houses of worship our giving churches will be dimin- ished, or certainly not increased as increasing calls demand ; and hence the causes which preclude this will themselves be the
14 CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
greatest sufferers thereby ; and that, too, quite soon, so far as our branch of the church Catholic is concerned. In New England, our only stronghold, we can not expect to be much stronger than now. The life and enterprise of many of ot-r churches are going out from us. We must segregate, enfold, and house that life to make it effective for the greatest good to the greatest number, and preserve it to the cause of civil and religious freedom in its highest forms. Here are considerations of patriotism as well as of Christianity which may not bo ignored. Our country wants a religious regime that embraces, and cherishes, and inculcates, civil and religious liberty, such as our simple polity embodies, and we shall not be guiltless if we suffer it to die out. While from its nature it forbids us to be sectarian, it equally forbids us to withhold from those of our own household the means of pros- perity. Our duty, if not first to them, certainly embraces their wants equally at least with those of other folds. AYe have been the keeper of the vine-yards, but our own vine-yard have we not kept. The Great Head of the Church is now most evidently and loudly calling upon us to keep our own while we help to keep others. Brethren, we make no appeal to denominational pride or prejudice, nor do we ask allegiance even to the law of self defense, but simply call attention to the indications of Provi- dence, and the evident leadings of the Spirit, as showing the will of Christ concerning us. For never before, since the days of the Pilgrims, have there been so many calls from so many distant and distinct places for the unblanched doctrines and distinct church polity of the Fathers of New England as now. One evi- dence, among many, of this is seen in the fact that we have had calls for our Year Books within a few weeks, not only from all the free States, and from the Territories, but from Kentucky, from Liberia in Africa, and from Madura in India.
And now, to do all that is needed to be done to meet this want, we have only to add a little to what we noAV give to our great Union Societies, so that these shall be defrauded in nothing, while their younger claimant shall receive all that will be essential to keep full the fountain of giving by raising up churches which, true to their maternity, will give nine-tenths of their charities for undenominational purposes.
It should be said in this connection, that the Trustees of the Union are New England men, — men in love with Ncav England institutions ; and they have no objects to accomplish by this or-
STATEMENT. 15
ganization which arc not dear to every christian heart in our entire brotherhood. They have no plans for proselyting — ^nor are they on a race with any other organization — nor is the Union any more a New York society, than tlie American Board is a Boston society. They have none but the most cordial feelings toward all our benevolent societies, and heartily cooperate in all. They will cheerfully and freely give their time to appropriate economically and wisely the funds placed at their disposal for the great objects which their organization contemplates. You may confide in them most implicitly, to do the work they have taken in hand to do.
The question, at the west, is asked — Will the churches of the east sustain the Union ? — and, in the east, the same inquiry is raised concerning the churches of the west. It is confidently believed that, when the purposes of the Union are fully under- stood, it will be sustained by all our churches, from every quarter. The responses of the General Associations to the statements of the Secretary, in May and June last, and of the hundreds of ministers with whom he has had personal interviews and correspondence, give the most cheering assurances that such will be the case. The following are samples of individual responses : — ■
" The church building enterprise of the American Congregational Union, has my sympathy." Another, " I am grieved that I can give no aid at present to the noble object of your letter," etc., closing by a pledge of the earliest aid that can be given. Another, " Your cause finds great favor in my eyes." Another, " I most
cordially approve of your general plan It seems to me high
time that we were doing something distinctly for ourselves, and doing it on system, and not by mere occasional impulse." Another, "The position of the Secretary of the Union is second in impor- tance to none in the gift of the churches, so important is the work in which they are now engaged." Another, "If the work inau- gurated by the Union can be put into successful operation, it is worth the life of any man to be the instrument." Another, " I do heartily approve of your enterprise. I know of no way in which the same amount of money could be so advantageously used for Christ and the church, as by helping to build houses of worship in places where they are needed, but can not be had without aid." And if it will give any more weight to the influence of these wit- nesses, it may be added that they are all Doctors of Divinity, and one President of a college, and all in New England. From the
16 CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
same region, another says : — " The object proposed is exceedingly desirable. Be assured of my sympathy with it." Another, " I feel a lively interest in the work the Union has in hand." Another, " I feel the importance of your work deeply; let the spires go up." Another, " I feel a deep interest in the subject of building meeting- houses for feeble Congregational churches, and we will give your cause our full strength of collections in March and April." Another, " I am more and more interested in your great work. Its impor- tance in the newer districts is not generally appreciated. May the Lord of the harvest prosper you ! We want the Year Booh. Knowledge is power ; and a little knowledge proves sometimes the seed of a hidden power to be developed by and by. A Year Book may build a meeting-house at. some future time. Do ring the fads in the papers, through the pulpits, everywhere. Educate the churches to the grandeur of the idea of building temples for the teaching of the people, and for the worship of the Lord." Thus much for individual testimony, from a few of the many at the east.
The oldest pastor in one western State, writes : — " I most heartily approve of the plan which you have adopted to aid in the erection of church edifices in the destitute regions east, west, north, and south." Another, from another State, "Your object met with a most cordial response from our Association, and, not- withstanding the hard times, we 'shall remember you." Another, "It is my intention to present your object to my congregation, and pass the hat around ; and do it yearly, and that, too, with a will." Another, from still another western State, and he a Doctor of Divinity, — "We regard j^our object as all important, second to none." Such is some of the evidence we have that our cause will be sustained by our churches, and that the blessing of the Lord will be upon us. We invite your cooperation, believing that what you give through this channel, will return to you in rich, abun- dant fruit, not many days hence. Twenty-five dollars given at one time constitutes an individual a life-member of the Union, and entitles him to a copy of the Year Book, annually, during his life. One dollar constitutes an annual member.
Our great work waits only the responses of those who are in- terested in its glorious results.
ANNUAL REPORT. 17
AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION.
The Fourth Anniversary was held in tlic Church of the Puritans, on Union Square, New York, on "W^odnesday and Thursday, May 13 and 14, 1857.
In absence of the President, Rev. Joshua Leavitt, D.D., of Providence, one of the Vice-Presidents, took the chair. Devotional exercises were conducted by the Rev. A. L. Stone, of Boston.
The Annual Report of the Trustees wa,s read by the Secrettiry, and is as follows : —
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT
OF T1!K TRL'STEliS CF TIIK
AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION.
The American Congregational Union wa.s constituted May II, 185.3. It had its origin in a deep feeling on the part of many of the friends of our simple and scriptural church polity, both east and west, that some organization was needed in which the frater- nal, sympathetic, and cooperative elements of our own denomina- tion might be developed, and the bands of christian fellowship, unit- ing our scattered churches, might be strengthened. It was found- ed, has been maintained, and is to be perpetuated as a strictly voluntary association, neither having nor desiring any ecclesiastical functions, nor attempting any organic denominational influence. Its warmest friends are strenuous advocates of the independence of our churches, and would firmly resist, to the last, any invasion upon the freedom of our individual membership. In its spirit, it is wholly catholic toward all other religious bodies ; in its plans, it is generous and cooperative with all our loved and cherished benev- olent societies ; and in its actions, past, present, and prospective, it claims to be unselfish, courteous, and christian.
During the four years, since the organization of the Union, less has been accomplished than its friends could have wished ; and it were, perhaps, enough to say that it still exists — when the diffi- culties under which it has labored are considered. It has received many warm commendations at its several anniversaries, but very 2
18 CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
few contributions : the ardor of these pleasant occasions has ex- hausted itself in feelings rather than in funds.
But after all, the Union has made for itself a position in the galaxy of our benevolent organizations. Through the patient and self-sacrificing labors of its former Secretary, the statistics of our churches, before unknown, have been put into a process of develop- ment, are now beginning to be revealed to our own eyes, and to assume form. A catalogue of Congregational ministers, proxi- mately accurate, has, for the first time in the history of our de- nomination, been brought to light through his efforts. The three volumes of Year-Books which he has compiled are alone an object worthy all the outlay thus far made. But to this work is to be added that, which though less ostensible is not less real, of bring- ing destitute churches and imsettled ministers into a correspond- ence which has happily resulted, in many instances, in the forma- tion of the pastoral relation between them. It has created a cen- ter for social intercourse, and opened a channel for acquaintance and fellowship never before enjoyed by our scattered ministerial brotherhood. At least, thus much has been actually accomplished in the past, and we have before us a fair promise of a more pro- ductive future.
At the last annual meeting of the Union, the Rev. T. Atkinson, the Secretary, declined a reelection. From that time until the 12th of February last, -when the present incumbent entered upon its duties that office was unfilled. The Trustees, the meanwhile, were not unmindful of the interests committed to their care. In their address to the churches, published in the Year-Book for 185t, there is a minute of the preliminary steps taken to call a convention of the oJBficers of the Congregational Library Associa- tion, and of the Congregational Union, to deliberate upon the pro- priety of attempting by a simultaneous eifort on Forefathers' Day to raise another fund to aid feeble churches in building houses of worship, and of the result of that deliberation and also of the col- lections which supervened. The amount contributed thus far is •nuch less than was anticipated. It will not meet the present ur- ■o-ent demand of the churches for aid, both east and west, and the failure has satisfied this Board that some sj^stematic efforts must be made from year to year to meet this growing necessity. The ap- peals which reach us almost daily for immediate help leave no alternative. The Trustees feel constrained cither to vacate the ground on which their charter places them, for some neworganiza-
ANNUAL REPORT. 19
tion, or enter upon this work which, without their seeking, in placed in their hands. They have determined on the latter : and they are persuaded that the churches have only to view this cause from their stand-point to justify their decision. The Secretary will therefore present this subject to the general associations of the several states, and to the churches, so far as is practicable.
Early in 1856, an effort was made to raise a fund of twenty thousand dollars, to aid in erecting houses of worship for Congre- gational churches in Kansas and Nebraska. This was projected in response to most urgent applications from our brethren of these ■ territories. Some progress was made ; and through the especial efforts of personal friends to this cause, about three thousand dol- lars have been paid into our treasury. At this time, the fearful and reprehensible wrongs of our government became so great and oppressive against our brethren in Kansas especially, arid the political conflict in all the states became so sharp, that, in conse- quence of doubts as to the issue in the former, and the absorption of funds and interest in the latter, and the want of a Secretary to direct and superintend in this work, the presentation of this ob- ject was suspended ; and inasmuch as a simultaneous movement had been determined upon to raise a larger fund for church erec- tion generally, it has not been resumed. And, owing to the dis- tracted state of our churches in Kansas for the last year, and the uncertainties as to their future, the amount already' received on their behalf has not been v\diolly appropriated. At their regular monthly meeting in April, 1851, appropriations were made to the Congregational churches of Council City, Wabonsa, and Manhat- tan, in Kansas ; and of Omaha City, of Nebraska ; and, at their meeting in May, to the Congregational church in Quindaro, of Kansas, to each the sum of five hundred dollars, on condition that satisfactory guarantees are given by each to the Trustees, that such additional sums shall be raised as will be sufficient to complete for each a suitable house of worship free from delt. Other applications are now' under consideration, and appropria- tions will be made to the full extent of the funds on hand ; and a very much larger amount will be most urgently called for from that region alone, 'ere this yeav shall close. " The Providence of God," says one of our ministers resident there, "has opened to our Congregational churches a wide and inviting field in that fast populating territory." No one dares guess how many new organ- izations will be calling for aid, and will need aid to erect for
20 CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
themselves houses of worship in the coming' twelve months. It is for our churches to say whether they will take the boon thus graciously extended to them, or give this precious inheritance to others.
Libraries have been offered to fourteen churches in different states, and are now being made up and distributed on the fol- lowing conditions, viz., that each church shall raise an equal amount to that given by the Trustees, the whole to be expended under their direction for the purchase, at the lowest prices, of standard scientific, biblical, and theological works, and also that the church gives satisfactory guarantees that the library shall be kept in a safe place, in perpetuity as a pastoral library, always insured against fire ; and in the event of the dissolution of the church, it is to be placed at the disposal of the Trustees. In one instance, the proffer has been declined, from the utter inability of the church to raise the amount necessary to fulfill the conditions of the grant. Some others ask for a few months delay, until their immediate necessary calls are less pressing. One pastor begs us to give his church a little extension, for he says, " I am exceed ingly anxious to secure this library, as it would be a great help to mo in my poverty." The Trustees would be only too happy to furnish hundreds of our more destitute churches with such a rich treasure, were the means placed in their hands.
Thirty-five hundred copies of the Year-Book for 1857 have been published, and a copy has been sent to every Congregational pas- tor and stated supply in the United States and Canada, witli the view to acquaint them with the fact, objects, and plans of the Union, to secure their attention to their own respective church statistics, and to enlist, so far as it may be, their sympathy and cooperation in the great Avork now undertaken. This, our de- nominational annual will be issued on the first of January ; and nauch larger editions, it is believed, will be called for, as we are sure that the members of our churches will be interested in its contents, when once they shall have begun to understand their value. Even our statistics should command their attention. Says the writer of the excellent article on that subject in our last issue, "these figures represent souls; and all their varying rela- tions are but the shifting conditions of immortal spirits." These seemingly bare columns of names and numbers are the army-roll of our sacramental host ; the list of our co-laborers in a common field, for a common cause. The biographical sketches of deceased
ANNUAL REPORT. 21
ministers, and especially our revival record, will more than repay perusal by every one loving Zion.
The field occupied by the Union was not only wide and open, and inviting, and its harvest waiting for reapers, but it was vacant. No other organization has attempted the work in which the Union is engaged. The Congregational Board of Publication is furnish- ing its own invaluable issues, as it has the means, to churches, for the benefit of their pastors, and a noble work is theirs. The action of this body is in perfect harmony with theirs, so far as they arc parallel, nor should we regard our libraries as complete without a large infusion of their standard works.
The increasing applications for aid in church erection, their im- portunity and urgency has thrown, for the present, this part of our work quite into the foreground, and we are prepared to solicit the contributions of all our churches for this object. No one can foresee when there will not be a demand for this Avork. The rap- idly opening and filling west will not for half a century fail to have a cordon of feeble churches skirting the frontier line, which will be feeble, nine cases out of ten, until some extrinsic aid is se- cured to them in erecting houses of worship. And to these must be added many, many others, in the middle, eastern, and it may be 'ere long in the southern states, which must be helped into a self- sustaining condition by this the cheapest and speediest course, or remain for years dependent and unsuccessful. A little given in this way accomplishes a great amount of immediate good. A fifth or a tenth of the cost of the needed edifice secures its erection. No other charity known to us is so propitious of immediate bene- fits, and none promises a richer harvest in all the future. A church thus placed in a state of independence, becomes a giving instead of a receiving church, and thus blesses others as it has been blessed.
Sixteen Life Members have been added to the list of twenty- seven during the past year. No* reason appears why the number should not be greatly increased this year, so that we might not only have a fund, the interest of wliich would defray necessary expenses, but also have a place in the feelings and remembrances of the brotherhood of our churches. This organization is not local either in name or purpose. It is American, denominational, and contemplates objects dear to our entire fraternity. We ought, therefore, to be able to publish the names of thousands as its mem- bers for life, instead of tens. May we not ? The conditions of life membership are such that few are necessarily excluded.
22 CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
In concluding' this their Fourth Annual Keport, the Trustees have only to add that their objects and plans are now before the public. They contemplate nothing in the present, nor for the future, which embraces not the common interests of our entire denomina- tion. They affectionately bespeak the council and cooperation of the fathers and brethren present. We offer you a safe and eco- nomical channel for your benefactions. We pledge you our utmost care that whatever is placed in our hands shall be quickly and legitimately appropriated. We affectionately ask that our cause may have its place in the benevolent calendar of your churches. We seek not to- supplant any now needing aid. But in arranging the objects for which collections are to be taken, let this, which to the destitute has no rival, come in. Assign it a specific place as of sufficient importance to command your charities, and know that whatever is given and invested as now proposed, will result in rich blessings to the receivers and return a hundred fold in bless- ings to the giver. With your sympathies, prayers, and contribu- tions, we shall hope to meet you at our next anniversary, with a report showing that your giving and our labor have not been in vain in the Lord.
After the reading of the Report, the audience listened with deep intei-est to the following
DTSCOUIISE ON THE CONGREGATIONAL PULPIT.
BY REV. GEORGE SHEP.MtD, D.D.
I understand that I am expected to speak of the Congregational Pulpit, which is a great subject. It has a range of two and a half centuries, not to take in the Apostles and the primitive pul- pit. It furnishes varieties of specimen and performance past enumeration. How to enter the subject, and when once fairly in, how to get out of it, viewed at this end of the process, is not a little perplexing, and seems not a little perilous. There is this, however, that is encouraging in the shape of precedent, that we have seen men go into subjects out of which they were never known to emerge ; yet, afterward, they were found to be alive, and addressing themselves to other work.
It is somewhat to be able to say, that there has been, and is, and is pretty sure to be, a Congregational pulpit ; and there have been men in it, in considerable quantities ; and men and wo-
CONGREGATIONAL PULPIT. 23
men before it competent to hear and understand, and to take impressions and impulsions from it ; and hence tlie pulpit of our church has been distinguished by a good measure of strength and productiveness.
In noting, for the occasion, a few facts which obtain of the preachers of this line, their learning first presents itself as a com- manding feature. At the very beginning they were broad, ma- ture, stalwart scholars ; to many of them, Latin, Greek, and even Hebrew, almost as a vernacular. They had bodies also, most of them, closely knit together, tough, enduring, achieving — could stand before any quantity or continuity of east wind ; could wres- tle with men, if need be, and with the devil also ; wearing and working up to a period where, by common consent, it would be deemed reputable to succumb and retire. Many of them were of good physical growth, and commanding bearing ; the six feet high symbolical of another tallness. This is a fact worth our noting ; for, in this world, it takes a body to hold a mind ; a stomach that can digest bread, to underlie and really support a head that can digest thought, and then give a strength of arm and nerve to throw it forth— stringently to administer the projectiles of the orator.
Another fact pertaining to them is, that many of them — a large proportion — showed a thorough and manly piety ; both a warm heart and a clear, dissecting intellect were concerned in it. The piety, not so much as now, a thrill of the nerves ; not so much got up by the macliinery and the friction of congregating ; more as the work of truth, and of mind, and of God. We have a good specimen of the sort, in one wdio was a master in doctrine and persuasion ; who first spewed out a frothy and worthless experi- ence he had under the preaching of Whitfield, and then went pro- foundly through the renewing process in connection with reading Edwards on the Will — this and the Bible ; then demonstrated its genuineness by studying Edwards on the Affections — a capital book to back up the perseverance of the saints, especially if they are not allowed to be enrolled till they have read this book ; for whoever it does not overthrow, will pretty certainly be saved.
Another fact is, the prominence given to distinctive gospel, to pure doctrine, taken directly from the book, the mind of God — this doctrinally presented, discussed, applied ; discourses which signally enthroned God, and all but annihilated man, bringing him to feel his nothingness before the Infinite Ruler. And there
24 CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
were many who dealt in awful truth, preaching- the law, both in its convictive efficacy, and its flaming- terrors.
It occurs further to say, that the pulpit of our church has been the theater of a reasonable liberty of prophesying'. He who spake in it has never been chopped or stretched to any Procrustean bed ; never has there been one reig'ning fashion ; one rumbling monot- ony ; but here, in the liberties of this line, have refreshingly occurred all the varieties of performance that are provided for by the diversities of God's creation. There are found certainly all the reasonable modes of preaching ; the elaborately written, and the calmly read ; also the carefully written, and then intensely preached from the manuscript ; by others, the outline excogitated, the parts clearly discriminated and arranged, and then filled out by the mind's productive working at the moment of delivery. By very fevv^ in our line has there been a coming into the sacred place without any previous study or thought, and there fanatically throwing themselves on an usurped inspiration ; by the adven- ture, meaning to be but a little lower than the angels ; in the result, appearing to be but a little above asses.
The writing out of discourses and delivering as written, has been, on the whole, the prevailing mode. Many of the most efiFec- tive men of our pulpit have done so.
Quite a range of doctrinal sentiment is found, in the line we are considering, under the general denomination of Trinitarian ; some of the earlier champions putting forth, in an unqualified way, the most rugged Calvinism ; others, a little later, dropping to a moderate, medium view ; and others, yet farther on in time, trench- ing upon an Arminian laxity. The rule has been, the doctrine actually held and held forth has been, the uncompromisingly Cal- vinistic, with certain theoretic expositions, such as Exercise and Taste, which left the doctrine intact and entire. Though many have looked upon the doctrines which these men preached as hard, and especially as suggestive of a hard nature, yet, commonly, the men themselves were singularly sympathetic and genial. A distinguished civilian of our time, writing of these men, says : " It has always been a puzzle to my mind to reconcile the kind, social, and free spirit of their lives in private, with the rigidness and severity of the doctrines of their faith." The puzzle, I think, need endanger no man's brain. Whatever the puzzle, the fact is broadly and indubitably so. They were genial men, Avith fresh souls, peculiarly companionable. A large proportion of them had
CONGREGATIONAL PULPIT. 25
in them, very decidedly, the lively and laughing* quality. Wit, humor, we are inclined to believe, were in them in greater propor- tion than in other men. Certainly, more of this sort seemed to be coming out of them ; owing, in part, very likely, to the reaction of the solemn. These quick recuperative qualities of the human soul, held down in their case by the necessities of long profes- sional gravity, Avhen the repressive force was taken off for a little while, this elastic part would spring at once buoyantly above board ; and in its brief liberty impel to some unclerical pranks- some utterances which convulsed at the time, and which have gone on record as a portion of the classic wit of the Avorld. Livelier and sharper things have never been said than have proceeded from the sternest and gravest of these men.
This allusion to social traits brings us to this fact, as pertaining to many, that they had the injfirmity of the pipe. This, however, may be said in mitigation, that with them it was a sin done in a corner. Some resorting to it for relief, to allay jumping nerves ; and some for inspiration. In both cases, we think, a weakness ; in the latter, a presumption, finding its issue onl}^ in disappoint- ment ; for the inspiration, if any, begiiming in smoke, would necessarily end in the same.
We find a somewhat wide range of topics in the preaching of these fathers. Whatever had to do Avith the glory of God, or the well-being of man, had a place in their sermons. Liberty was a very passion with them ; and this led them sometimes into the domain of politics. Of a large quantity of them, we may say this, that whatever fire, by any means or process, got into their bones, was pretty sure to find a passage out through the vehe- mence of their speech. Sometimes it offended, because it wound- ed. No matter who was in the way, patronage, parties, govern- ments, the truth was vigorously sent on its way and work. One case presents itself which may help to solve a multitude of others, of that and of our own day. " Did Dr. E. preach politics when here ?" asked one of a certain indignant hearer ; this happened the last century. " Yes." " What did he say ?" " Well, sir, if ho did not preach politics, he prayed politics." " And what did he say ?" " Say ? He said, ' Though hand join in hand, the wicked shall not go unpunished.'" Eight here is commonly the head and front of the offending in preaching politics. It has this extent, no more ; that it is an assailment, by heavenly weapons, of part- nerships in iniquity. There being among them a large proportion
26 CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
of strong men who dealt in potent themes and truths, they were potent on the community in molding- and directing the individuals composing it ; potent on the mind, giving it compass, strength, confidence ; on the heart, profoundly teaching it its sin, and filling it with the peace, and now with the transports, of redemp- tion ; and on the life, bringing it to the standard of religion and morality. We question if the pulpit of any people, in all the his- tory of the church, has borne upon the public mind with a more commanding and decisive effect than has the pulpit of New Eng- land, for example, upon intelligence, character, order, interests ; upon whatever is profitable for the life that now is and for that which is to come.
Among the people, there used to be a large proportion who de- manded men to preach to them, and the demand was responded to, in the coming forth of men competent to preach to them, some of the qualities of whom as men, we have named.
The effective qualities of their messages, it may be appropriate to touch in passing. The men who produced the most decisive and permanent results, were the men who resorted to these quali- ties. The doctrinal element was one, this — central and vital : the essential doctrines : — the depravity, the sovereignty, the grace only in redemption ; these and kindred ones, lucidly stated, logic- ally vindicated, warmly pressed home, proved mighty, from the men who thus dealt in them, and upon those that received them : whilst those who hid them, or were doubtful anci very economical in their use, suffered a most disastrous hiding of their power. It is the fact, as we follow down the line, that the greatest power is found in connection with the boldest and most unqualified an- nouncement of the Calvinistic doctrines, which are the Pauline doctrines — the character of God proclaimed in a way to humble men ; his law to fill them with keenest, convictive pangs ; and his mercy, blood-bought, infinite, and all-efficacious to heal, the moment received by submissive faith. These truths and myster- ies came to the people, through the hearts of these men, by the teaching of the Holy Ghost, and through their heads by wrestling thought ; by very throes of nerve and brain. There was study, discussion, demonstration, pointed application, making often very weighty and effective discourses — weighty for being solid, and effective for being sharp ; commonly without much beauty or fra- grance : unsymmetrical, split into innumerable parts ; homiletic- ally repulsive, but scripturally productive — even penetrating, life giving.
CONGREGATIONAL PULPIT. 27
It is admitted, these men possessed and put forth some of the highest qualities of power in their day, and for the people of their day ; but not, it is added, for the people of this day. It is main- tained, that preaching, such as theirs — the best of theirs, so effect- ive then, would be worse than powerless now : that discourses, descriptions, such as Pres. Edwards used, would agitate no soul now. So great arc the changes in society, — opinions, modes of thinking so different, — mental tastes and cultivation so advanced. There are, certainly, very marked peculiarities now, in some respects not so well as once ; we have now a greater jDress for the outward ; an impatient haste of acquisition, this whole realm being very much awake, astir ; not so staid as once, there being prevalent the heated idea of progress— a passion and an impetuous struggling for discovery ; and the actual bringing to pass discov- eries, manifold inventions, even in the moral departments of life. Then, further, not so collected, concentrated as once ; such the multiplicity of subjects and objects presented, and such the ten- dency to pass from one to another — to quit the old, the long- tried, for the new, this, consequently, is our condition — that we are necessarily somewhat superficial in our mental habits ; not over deep in our intellectual soil ; not very profound in our roots of thought.
. To sum up, we have in our time : — 1. Activity, enterprise, ad- venturous, achieving boldness, this the marked quality ; then, the vicious tendency as growing out of the above, a restless and in- cessant reaching after novelty, a crowding in the way of progress and discovery ; a somewhat high tone in view of our capabili- ties and accomplishments ; a disposition often appearing to mag- nify our times, and ourselves as the authors of them. We are the men, most remarkable men that live now — well for the old ones (who lived before), that they filled their term, and got out of the way when they did ; this indeed the vice, the extravagance, the froth and scum, great often in seeming quantity, lifted by the wholesome activities and agitations that are working. Yet it is something existing — a peculiarity of our time, making it widely different from those in which the Fathers appeared. The argu- ment is, that in order to be effective upon a generation so different, with mental habits, activities, tastes, sensibilities, so essentially variant, the entire structure, substance, and order of preaching should be changed ; whatever availed then, for that reason, will be impotent now.
28 CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
We must acknowledge the propriety and necessity of some wide modifications ; but not a modification wliicli displaces, or even disturbs, the gospel, or encroaches on any essential doctrine thereof — a modification, in a measure retrospective, I think. We are to bring up again, some of the potent, but partially forgotten things of the past. When the people look at the emasculation and evisceration of some of our discourses, they involuntarily cry, — "The Fathers, where are they?" And they beg us to blow a trump of resurrection over their ashes ; for if nothing more could be had, their very skulls would be re- freshing.
In our work of modification, then, we do well to get back some of those elements or qiialities of power which our Fathers had, and we have not in like measure and purity.
There is this quality they had, and we want back, beyond what we now have, that quality in preaching which greatens God, and the soul, and eternal things. Very many in the olden pulpit had this as well as Bellamy, who, in the unsophisticated phrase of his negro, " Made God look vevj big !" The same simple critic would, doubtless, say of many of us, as he did of one at the time ; "He do pretty well. But he no make God so big as Massa Bellamy !" For this we may sit at the feet of some of these preceding masters, and learn the art, or seize the power, to make great before the • minds of the people, what is indeed great ; greater infinitely than the broadest of these minds can compass. It is not asked that the sermons themselves be great, not be this, but contain this ; the great things of God, so represented as to become still greater in the hearer's apprehension, and more commanding on his Avill. The dropping down in this particular, may be somewhat in com- pliance with the irreverent and leveling tendencies all abroad, whereas the fact of such tendencies is the very reason why the pulpit should not drop in this particular, but preserve its severest tone, and its vastest compass, and its grandest hight of disclosure. For just in proportion as this class of minds see the greatness on the side of religion, do they themselves grow wholesomely less. The puncture of this blade divine, sur- prisingly takes down their volume. Mystery is precisely the med- icine for such ; and our religion is full of this — our God an abso- lute and infinite mystery — His awfulness lying in his unsearcha- bleness, — in those counsels and powers which come out, only in the achieving acts. This, which is above us, which overshadows
CONGREGATIONAL PULPIT. 29
US, which surrounds and penetrates us, so fitted to inspire awe, it is sahitary to have laid often and closely upon our spirits : to cor- rect the vanity, and check the heedlessness : to make men feel that themselves, and the things about them are not the all : that there are powers invisible lodged in that scene to come ; — interests commensurate with that eternity ; destinies irreversible ; hights, depths, of sensation and experience, unsealed, unfathomed ; joys, sorrows which, when the eloquent tongue has tried to tell how great, and imagination has gone on yet to greater, inspiration has adjoined the cry — greater, greater still. God has written thereon infinite. The infinite, the eternal, the unchangeable is before us ; eternity the home of our changeless being ; and God the holy, the awarding Judge. Wc repeat, — this over-mastering greatness, which some of the olden men so showed forth, is good for the people of this day, as it will arrest and bring them to their place, and foster sentiments of reverence in the soul ; lead them first, to respect, then to seek the things which are above.
Another quality, these precedent men had, and we want back again, more of it than we have, is the authoritative — that which lays a matter unqualifiedly down, and backs it up by sanctions, men are bound to respect and made to fear — that which creates an inevitable issue — that which laj^s on the soul the inexor- able must : so these men did, so God's book presents it. Here government, law, penalty. On this side, it is penalty, recorded : on the other side, it is penalty executed. This is one of the great facts, and primal motives of God's system ; meeting and pressing aright one of the great forces of man's nature. It is still man's nature, though the fashion has come to be to scout this doctrine of authority and retribution ; and so there has come along a relaxed state and still relaxing ; till the hold which truth has upon the human heart and conscience is greatly enfeebled, and the morals of our youth, and the souls of the people, thrown into augmented peril, in part, because the power at this point is abated, — the power which lies in the immortality. As God has disclosed it, and would have his Chur&h maintain it, it is one compacted power, made up of the authority and infinity. Take either away, or at all throw into doubt, or in any way reduce our limit, and the puis- sant locks fall from the Herculean motive ; — henceforth, feeble as any other being or thing. Never, in my judgment, was it more incumbent on our pulpit than now, to keep sound and in sight, these coercive traits : to preserve this great motive in its integ-
3t) CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
rity ; to present God in his supremacy ; as Ruler and Punisher, in order to strengthen, if possible, the bonds of moral obligation, to bring men to have regard to the responsibilities personally and infinitely upon them, and regard also to the results of character, so soon to be reached, final, unalterable. I am sure there is a power here we are not fully trying. Some of us, it may be, afraid to try it ; a certain sickliness having crept over us — a morbid sympathy with an atheistic age, oar own souls, perhaps, are not profoundly assured of the doctrine of eternal retribution. Those oaken men, and of largest benevolence were, and the thoughtless ones not unfrequently shook and wept and repented beneath the lurid horrors of this doctrine, as they presented it.
Another quality in which we do well to follow these precedent men, is the quality of solidity ; discriminative statement, and ar- gumentative showing. This, I think, more prevalent once than now, but never more needed than now. Then let our pulpit fetch it back, be sure and have it ; furnish a reasonable measure of the substantial quality, that -^hich gives a reason, and asks you to re- ceive on the ground of the reason given ; which thinks and utters thought, concatenated and compact at times, and which summons the hearer to the work of thinking, and even a vigor of attention, that he may compass and master the presented volume of thought. Be there this, we say, not unfrequently in the ministrations of our pulpit, because of the too prevalent impatience of substantial things : because of the cheap and shoal tendencies already allud- ed to ; because of the demand for things pretty, rather than pro- found, that tickle rather than centrally touch, entertainment first, instruction, profit, afterward. Be there still this attribute of the Fathers, the -substantial, the reasoned, because logic is so much at a discount, and so many have ceased to believe on evidence ; hardly believe at all ; wholly unsettled and afloat are they ; reject- ing principles w'hich have been established almost from the foundation of the w^orld : principles and verities upon which all the virtue and order and happiness of the world hitherto have been built ; principles and verities upheld by columns of evidence, based on earth, and crowned with the light of heaven — columns the ages could not crumble, which, after the w^ear of the ages, are fresh and bright still, all covered with God's inscriptions ; reject all this, and then turn and believe — what ? Believe anything. Be- lieve and take down just what any noisy pretender chooses to put down. Reject the Bible which came down from God out of
CONGREGATIONAL PULPIT. 31
heaven, his signet upon it, and his voice in it proclaiming", " Hear ye this," and then receive a changling smut of a bible kicked out from under chairs and tables. The only remedy for this state, this disease almost endemic, if any remedy there be, is by the con- trary ; the discipline of thought, and the vigor of reasoning, rightly, concretely done : these duly exhibited and administered, and there will ensue probably somewhat of correction and recovery.
But in order to this there must be toil in the preparation, some strong effort on the part of the preacher in getting ready. We insist then, that we are not to cease following the fathers, in a fervid use of the pen, more or less, in connection with preparing for the pulpit. Some of them doubtless placed too much reliance on it. Some came under a servile bondage to it. But it does not follow from this, that our wisdom consists in throwing it wholly away. We have said that some of those writers for the pulpit, proved themselves as among the most elFective that ever stood there. They made men see the truth, believe it, confess it, and be Christians. They made them thinkers, reasoners, orators. The sage of Franklin was the teacher of logic to lawyers. The greatest mathematician of the age was the product of that pulpit ; at any rate, sprung out from before it. The greatest of southern preachers, Samuel Davies, some say, prince over all, always preaching only what he wrote, waked up the orators of the south, and called forth the statesmen who became rulers of the nation. In the light of our history, wc pronounce the clamor raised in some quarters against all writing for the pulpit, a miserably shallow and most senseless clamor. The pulpit can not maintain its molding efficacy, its ruling posi- tion, unless the men thereof, are men of the stui'dy pen, as well as of the nimble tongue. People, take them as they rise, are greatly given to be lazy ; hard thinking is hard work, and lazy men won't do it, if they can help it. Let the mere off-hand be the mode and the law, and we shall have it ; mere flippant, off-hand, shallow, extemporaneous dribble. It will answer for exhortation but not for doctrine, for correction, for instruction in righteousness ; the thin liquid flow will do for babes, but it will not support the stomachs of men. There are discourses which ought to be made, but can not be made in this way ; crises, wants, demands, which can not be met wholly in this way.
If the pulpit would maintain its masculine tone, its ability to deal at will in the massive and commanding ; if it would not in- sensibly pass to something approximating to mere slaver, let the
32 CONGEEGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
occupants of the place, like those before them, stand in the privi- lege and the use in part of intensest writing', now and then task- ing- in the process the soul's last possible energy, and stirring its lowest depths of emotion.
While we find in the past of our pulpit, the solid quality, so worthy of our copying, we find also the searching quality, equally worthy our copying. When truth is put before the people in close and discriminated substance, there is something to be ap- plied ; and the people who have followed the argument, will feel the appeal, that sets home what has been proved. And what men they were, some of them, to do this ; to make the application. They thought it ought to be done, they meant to do it, and they did it. Their theory was a rational one, that nothing can be ac- complished without a contact ; God's truth brought to meet and enter the hearer's soul. But there arc other theories broached and acted on wholly adverse to this direct, applicatory dealing. The more civil and classic doctrine is that the preacher keep to gen- erals and impersonals ; calm, dignified, reflective. The preacher does sometimes keep to the general and remote, sufficient to satis- fy the most fastidious. The discourse is upon everything ; ranges all about in time and space, and the realm overhead, before the flood and since ; from the river to the ends of the earth ; in Egypt, Palestine, and Mesopotamia, and the whole is finished without an end ; ended without succeeding to get a single part or paragraph of the sermon inside of the meeting-house.
It is not unlikely that some of these antecedent men, in their passion for souls, went to an extreme, in this persistence of appli- cation ; in this personal assailment, this crowding of the con- science and the sensibilities ; their succeeding reaction and an in- creased obduracy. But after all these men so faithful, sometimes terrible in application, of whom were Edwards, Griffin, and Pay- son, have been preeminently the effective men of our pulpit. Let the doctrine which has been latterly broached, and advocated in places of authority, be received and followed, let a philosophic gravity and reserve obtain, or a false delicacy spread, so that preachers will be careful to keep themselves in a courteous re- moteness, and especially abstain from the incivility of hurting the people's feelings, preach with no intent, no point, nor edge, no thrusting and riving strokes, we do not saj', the preaching will be powerless, but not powerful as it has been and will be again, when performed according to the tested principles and the in- spired models of preaching.
CONGKEGATIONAL PULPIT. 33
We are taught by these men we revere, this lesson also : — a re- liance upon the truth. Let us follow them in this ; in their direct, confident reliance upon the simple truth of God.
May I suggest two or three things which seem to indicate on our part somewhat of departure from this simple reliance. The evidence that we have it not as Ave should, is found in the fact, that our reliance is apt to be too much on something else ; not sufficiently on truth, because inordinately on men, the very first quality of men. Unless we can have the gospel from such, we do not much care to have it at all ; and many are consenting to go without it, because they can not have it from the coveted order or pattern of talent. Here, it is the man put above the gospel he proclaims ; and all space is swept, to get the cherished ideal of a man, just such a man. The result is — I mean the attempt, for it is not always successful, to draw the ablest, and particularly the most captivating men, to the most opulent places. Certainly this class are not so diffused as once. Formerly metropolitan men were oftener found in the country, the cities not acting upon them b}'- so tremendously centralizing a suction as since.
We show a departure from the spirit of the olden reliance in this, that it is not first always what is true, but what is taking. There is no objection to its being true, if only taking ; but it must be taking. Then it suits, though not more than half true. Preachers and preachijig are now arraigned at this bar, to answer to the demand for the taking. The first necessity is to have a preacher that will at once sell the pews. If he will save souls, that is very convenient in addition. But enough, if he only sells the pews ; not enough, if he only saves souls. In that case, he does not stand well on the price current.
And what is supposed to be taking ? They procure the per- former. He chooses his subject. The next thing is to advertise ; and then something special, wholly on one side of the common trail of discourse, is expected. And it is not repentance, faith, justification ; some verity of the gospel in clear and pungent ex- hibition. No preacher, who is meaning to press all the flavoring juices of his mind into a performance, takes one of these ordinary subjects ; for they furnish no scope for the meditated antics of hia rhetoric. He takes some novel topic, half secular, perhaps ; if it comes of the gospel, it comes by a. remote deduction. It is gos- pel, with an immensely diluting mixture. The heavenly doctrine is wrought with other and very questionable things ; the divine 3
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filament, the golden thread of mercy, is woven into, and buried beneath, a warp of base human stuff. The purporting message of truth comes added to, and so diminished ; mended, and so made worse ; a new, bright patch is put on the old garment ; God's foolishness is spiced, and made palatable with the creature's smarter wisdom ; God's hoary impotence is bolstered up by the creature's arguments and apologies. Things of this sort are done, when we must conceive it to be true that God is able to stand alone. And well would it be for us, if we always bore this in mind ; for it would save us from doing a great many of our gra- tuitous and foolish things. Believing in His capability, and rely- ing on His truth, there would naturally be a more unflinching and unmixed administration of it ; not dressing it to suffocation, and not burying it beneath the gaudy incumbrances of our rlictoric ; but putting it forth, if you please, in its naked simplicity ; there- by we show our confidence in it ; our belief that it is a force, and will bring to pass an efficacy. So do we also show our confi- dence in it ; so does the church, when we assume, and are not afraid of the responsibility which comes of the uncompromised use of the truth ; when preacher and people are ready to take the risks, the mulcts ; the perils to reputation and life ; and what- ever else a faithful utterance may bring upon them.
That in this attitude and use there is power, is abundantly wit- nessed in the way some of those ancient men, in our line, made hoary wrongs and oppressions quail before their strong assail- ment. The fact that it was singular so to do, did not hinder them. The popular judgments, the clamors of business and in- terest, prescript authority, the threats of power, and the bribes of favor, could not for a moment bind them. They were made free by the truth ; and ever after they were as men predestinated and ordained to be free /or it. To the same enfranchisement must we now come, whatever may rise up before us to command repression and silence ; still standing erect and free to speak as the servants of God and the ministers of his truth. Then may we hope to be strong and respected in this place. But if any mere matters of economy, or unwhispered pleas of profit and expediency, are per- mitted to control or modify the utterances of this place, then may you tear it away, and incur but a very small detraction from the moral forces of the world. If the attempt now so seriously and widely made to silence the pulpit so far as this, that it shall not speak in exposure and condemnation of our national slavery, shall
CONGREGATIONAL PULPIT. 35
succeed, by using the wretched croak about political preacliiug-, or by withholding bread from the mouths that will not keep back the seditious words ; if in any way it shall be done — then our pul- pit, in chains, is a pulpit of infamy and impotence. But not so. I feel a demonstration to the contrary coming up from the very boards I stand on, and these rafters from above, say No. In our remote retreats we heard the resonance of the blows given by our strong-armed, and stronger-hearted bi'other ; and their echo along the northern hills brought music to our ear, and new courage to our faitli.
It comes in the wa}-- to say at this point, that preaching is a very different thing from what it was once, and a far more diffi- cult thing, owing to the competitions the pulpit is now subjected to ; the varieties and the sparkling specimens of speaking which are furnished on every hand, all covered Avith brilliancy, and all filled with raciness — fresh, pungent, captivating : almost every sort of subject commended and enforced by elect declaimcrs. For this reason what did once, will not do so well now. In perfect consistency with what has gone before. I adjoin that the exact pul- pit discourse of the past, in its best form, would not now reach and rouse to the extent it did then. Some things are to be brought in they had not, and some things they had are to be thrown out, such as their prolixities, and hair-splittings, and fixed formalisms. Many things, features, qualities of power, every where so signally found in the best days of the New England pulpit, as we have shown, are to be retained, yea, brought back, some of them ; for wc arc in the process of sliding away from them — brought back, re- instated, viz. : that which sets forth the greatness of the things of God ; the mystery, the awful infinitude ; that which adduces re- tribution and imposes a necessity ; the thoroughly studied ; the well discriminated and reasoned, proved in order to be applied ; substantial, nnvarnished truth, used and confided in. These traits, or elements, we lay down as essential and fundamental in the struc- tures that are to go forth with efficacy from our pulpit — what we must work in, keep in, if we would be sure of a power for the people. But these are not the whole now demanded. There must be brought in another class of qualities which our pulpit, in its strongest days, had not sufficiently, and which we have not now sufficiently ; that which comes down ancj deals in the fresh, com- mon-place ; that which scatters of our cumulative wealth ; that which takes the hoarded opulence we possess and breaks it into
36 CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
coin foi' diffusion among the people — a currency less in masses, more in circulating- and receivable bits. These should be in due measure and proportion. The fault of our pulpit is mainly in the stateliness of it, and the frequent remoteness of it. It is that the trained and the strong men in it have too much a sphere and a world of their own ; think in a fashion of their own ; employ a vocabulary of their own ; deal in discourses well written, well reasoned, and weighty indeed. But v/hat they want is, that ele- ment of life and simplicity, and significant bearing, which will take them, or parts of them, directly to the hearts of the people ; the plain every-day quality ; that which speaks because it knows and feels, and so speaks that others may know and feel the same ; a form of speech nature every where teaches and uses, having in it much familiar illustration, which convinces often by simply showing ; its appeal very much to fact, to nature, to the soul's deep intuition ; its spontaneous interest : and so it enters all souls alike, the rustic or the refined. We find some of the former giants of our pulpit — some of our Goliahs in logic — made conscious of a lack and feeling about for some other element. Some even won- dering what the matter was, that such arguments as they forged and linked, brought to pass no more conviction. A scene like this is authentically reported, which is certainly instructive. " Why is it," asked one of the greatest of our men, intellectually, of his neighbor and brother, not much below him in stature, " Why is it that your preaching produces so much more effect than mine, when our congregations are so much alike, and we preach the same truths to them." The brother replied, " The reason is that you present gospel truth as a proposition to be pVoved, and go on and prove it, whereas I endeavor to exhibit 'it as something already admitted, and then endeavor to impress it upon the heart and conscience." He who thus described himself was one of the most solid and weighty of New England preachers in the last generation. Truth was grasped as truth : body and vitality given to it, and then it was put intensely home. So with the Elder Ed- wards. He was often assuming truth, or ascertaining it by a short concrete process. Then he gave it reality, palpableness, by illustrations, pictures, living scenes, flaming actualities, which you could see as though they stood on canvass. This was the quality ever proving itself executive on the people. It may be in excess, and possibly some few of our day, in their strife to come in contact with the fevered and rushing masses, or to infix some
CONGREGATIONAL PULPIT. 37
point or hook of truth into their liasting Bouls, have gone to excess in the use of certain adventurous and even questionably secular qualities. Most of us, I think, are in the fault on the other side — too remote, aljstract, professional, artificial. Not so, however, that honored English preacher William Jay, who tells us that he ever made it his aim in the pulpit " to utter truth in a way to strike and stick." In carrying this out he would often brush rather rudely across the sensibilities of some. He could not help it, as his full and eager heart was ever after souls, and so compel- ling him to deal in truths and forms " that would strike and stick." In order to this effect in the highest degree, the men of our pul- pit, the young men coming into it, must, to a considerable extent, learn to deal in the off-hand utterance ; must often talk the gospel into men directly out of themselves ; must write, also, as I have before insisted, and maintain the necessity and the privilege of writing, and defend the same by actually and mightily doing it ; writing often with all the soul's passion and strength. Let this be done in order to keep vigorous and ever advancing the disci- pline, the self-mastery ; the power to think and strike heavily ; the power to let quickly out the hot bolts. It grows more and more manifest that the men of our pulpit, the young, the plastic, and forming men, must train themselves to this facility', inasmuch as this will help take out the venerable and prescriptive stiffness ; and it will take down our inordinate stateliness ; and will take off the overdressing, and help induce that mode of thought and speech the people will recognize and feel.
Preaching is done, our responsibility in regard to it mainly dis- charged, when we have put the simple and majestic facts of the gospel clearly and vividly before the minds of the people — when we have truly commended these to their inmost convictions. We are not called upon to be inventors ; to go into any distortions or agonies, to bring to pass things great and new, but to go on speaking, and still affirming, what all men know.
The chief potency of the pulpit has ever lain, not in the curious novelties, but in the naked truisms ; on the principle, that what every body knows, every body can be made to feel. And we learn the right rhetoric for this but partially in the schools, or from books. The more vital part comes from intercourse with the great book of humanity ; dwelling in the world, both immersing in and a taking a hue from the realties of this mundane scene ; coming mind to mind, mouth to mouth, with the beings we would sway ;
38 CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
profoundly kuowing- them, and so wc shall know how to seize and save them, by the help of God.
Next to the living- present, and the still more quick word of God, we do well to g-o back to some few of the old Puritan pro- testers, thence to catch, as anj^ one may, this popularly executive speech ; there learn to construct an instrument of such pith and likelihood that the people will know it was meant for them the moment it is turned ihat way. It will be pretty sure to keep the hearer well on the alert, so that he can not g'o to sleep if he would, and dare not if he could, throug-h fear of what might happen be- fore he should wake up again.
So was it with old Hugh Latimer, whose words were like heated shot, ever hitting and pushing into the people. Such the phrase of Richard Baxter, and this the secret of that strange energy which enchains the attention and grasps the conscience, and goes like electric fire through the soul, and nothing can resist or turn it back. Such, too, John BunN'an uses. Every whei-e quick, smart, racy, mother English — giving form and energy to whatever he touches ; making truths and scenes flash upon us, reaching the most hidden springs of feeling and stirring the lowest depths of the soul. It becomes us to study both in the past and the present whatever shall augment the power of our pulpit, multiplying as far as practicable its points of contact with the people, and sw^ell- ing, as we may, its efficacy to save. And in order to this, let us pray much for the Divine guidance ; and let us master, as we can, the Divine Avord, and lodge bountifully within its treasures of per- suasion ; and above all, receive and cherish the Holy Spirit, with- out whose presence and help man's most eloquent utterances are wholl}'' unavailing.
Who can estimate the responsibility of this Avork, or the dignity of the position, to stand as ambassadors of Christ, and in his stead, as though God did speak, beseech men to become recon- ciled to God.
What encouragements find wc in the successes, the measures of good achieved by those who have gone before us ! How are we moved to fidelity, to instant and most earnest labor, as w^e read our OAvn transicntness in their brief stay ; as in retrospect we be- hold them moving in continuous procession to the grave ! So move we, as surely and as fast. But though the preachers die, the gospel lives. It knows no dotage. And this office of preach- ing, no decay of its functions or its efficacies. Let us then rejoice,
CONGEEGATIONAL PULPIT. 39
brethren, in the higli privileges of this office ; and ever love to preach, as we have the opportunity, this glorious gospel of the blessed God ; preach it profoundly in its great mysteries, heaving up and exposing as we can its exhaustless riches, laying open to the needy its opulent breadth and fullness of promise ; preach it in the massive grandeur of its doctrines and principles, in its royal proclamation of good to the penitent, in its fearful utterance of warning to the evil ; preach it as the salutary Instrument of re- proof and reform, at once in all the severity of its aggressive stroke, and in all the attraction of its Godlike benignity, employ- ing in this service — the noblest, God ever assigns to mortals ; the best, He has given to us ; bringing out all the skill of a varying utterance, all the vitalities of thought and invention, all the treas- ures, moral and intellectual, we can possibly summon ; and this more and more as God helps us to advance ; stronger, and weight- ier, and wealthier, the longer God lets us live. Thus be and do, as incumbents of the pulpit we have described, and this pulpit shall fulfill a measure of redemption worthy of its history .and of the truths and principles it vindicates, and all shall redound to the glory of God.
The services were closed with a Doxology, by the choir ; and benediction by Rev. Joshua Leavitt, D.D., of New York.
40 CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
BUSINESS MEETING
OF THE
AMERICAN CONGREGATIONAL UNION.
The Annual Meeting for business, of the American Congregational Union, was held in the Lecture Room of the Church of the Puritans, at half-past three o'clock, P.M., on Thursday, May 14, 1857. The President, Eev. Leonard Bacon, D.D., occupied the Chair. The meeting was opened with prayer by Eev. J. B. Walker, D.D., of Mansfield, Ohio.
Then followed the reading of the Treasurer's Report, showing the whole receipts, since last report, to have been two thousand nine hundred and forty- five dollars. Expenditures (including the payment of a loan, with interest, amounting to one thousand three hundred and fifty-one dollars and sixty cents), two thousand six hundred and eighty dollars and thirty-four cents. Leaving a balance in treasury of two hundred and sixty-four dollars and sixty-six cents.
This report was adopted.
The Report of the Trustees, which was read at the meeting on Wednesday morning, preceding the Annual Sermon, was adopted, and ordered to be published.
The following motion, offered by Rev. J. P. Thompson, D.D., was unani- mously adopted :—
Resolved, That the thanks of this Union be tendered to the Rev. Prof. Shepard, of Bangor, for his able and valuable discourse delivered before the Union yesterday ; and that a copy of the same be requested for publication, under tJie direction of the Board of Trustees.
On motion, The President appointed the Rev. Joseph S. Clark, D.D., of Boston, Rev. Wm. T. Dwight, D.D., of Portland, Me., and the Rev. Jos. P. Thompson, D.D., of New York, a committee to nominate officers for the ensuing year.
(Rev. I. P. Langworthy, Cor. Sec, while the Nominating Committee were preparing their list of officers, made a statement of some contemplated plans of action for the coming year.)
After the election of officers, the Rev. Jos. S. Clark, D.D., of Boston, advo- cated the claims of the Congregational Library Association to the considera- tion of the public. A suitable building had been engaged in Boston for the preservation of relics, valuable not only in their connection with the history of the church, but with the history of the country. Among those already col- lected, was a flagon that had come over in the Maijfloiver, and been used by the earliest Christian church in Massachusetts.
BUSINESS MEETING. 41
Rev. Dr. Bacon commended the enterprise. The " Remains of the Fathers" should be gathered together. He thought such an institution eminently worthy of encouragement.
Rev. E. W. Gilman, of Oambridgeport, Mass., offered the following resolu- tion : —
Resolved, That we have heard with gratification the statement of Rev. Dr. Clark, respecting the purpose of the Congregational Library Association to secure in Boston a suitable place for the preservation of books and manuscripts relating to the history of our churches, and of our country ; and that, rejoicing with the success thus far attending their efforts, we commend their enterprise to all the Congregationalists of the land.
This resolution was unanimously adopted.
The Rev. J. H. Dill, of Spencerport, N. T., offered the following : —
Resolved, That in view of the importance of securing correct, complete, and uniform church statistics, a Committee of three be now appointed to devise some suitable method, and to present the same to each of the State Associar tions for their consideration and adoption.
In accordance with the foregoing resolution, the following persons were ap- pointed said Committee —
Rev. Isaac P. LangAvorthy, New York. " J. H. Dill, Spencerport, N. Y. " J. H. Quint, Jamaica Plains, Mass. Rev. J. P. Thompson, D.D., offered the following :—
Resolved, That the Trustees be authorized to call a Special Meeting of the Union, at some point in the West, the ensuing year.
It was stated that some two thousand dollars had been appropriated to aid in building houses of worship in Kansas and Nebraska, during the past year ; and five hundred dollars to supply pastoral libraries.
Mr. Woodruff, of Brooklyn, engaged in the Sabbath-school enterprise, and who has been traveling in France, addressed the meeting at some length, in reference to the necessity of Sabbath-schools there, and the difficulty he expe- rienced in his efforts to establish and maintain schools. He favored the print- ing of a proper pamphlet, in French, touching the propriety of Sabbath- schools, and explaining Congi'egationalism, to be distributed throughout France, by the Union.
Rev. Dr. Storrs offered the following resolution : —
Resolved, That the Trustees of the Union be instructed to have prepared a statement of principles, on the subject of the Rights and Duties of all Christian Brethren, to take part, personally, in the work of proclaiming the gospel to all men ; and to cause the same to be presented to all the officers of the Union, for their signatures, and to be transmitted to other Evangelical bodies, wher- ever it is deemed expedient. ,
The resolution was adopted, after which the meeting adjourned.
The Anniversary Collation of the Union was held at the City Assembly Room, 448 Broadway, at seven o'clock, p.m., Thursday, May 14 ; and will be remembered by all present, as an occasion of exceeding interest.
42- CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
CONCtRECtATIONALISM.
What is Congregationalism? Where do we get it? What is it GOOD FOR ? What shall we do with it ?
What is it ? Congregationalism is tlie government of the people in eccle- siastical aifairs, as a Democracy is in civil. Both require the people to be intelligent and upright, and both may be the means to make them so.
In this country, Congregationalism is, in doctrine, evangelical religion. In polity, it is the government of each church by its mvn members: not by a minister, whether bearing the title of bishop or not ; not by a general assembly, or by a session of elders ; not by a company of deacons, or by one deacon ; but the government of the church by the members of the church. It is Con- gregationalism, because it is congregational.
Where do we get Congregationalism? 1. From scripture; 2. from history; 3. from experience. Read in scripture (Acts, 2nd chapter), the ac- count of the first admissions to a Christian church. How could that church have stood, except as an independent church, complete in itself — a truly con- gregational church — responsible to no other body, even connected with no other ? The sacred writers do not represent the Christians of a province as embraced in one church ; for they speak of " the churches of Macedonia," " the churches of Asia," — not of the church of Macedonia or Asia.
Each separate church, also, is represented as exercising, itself, the appro- priate functions of a church of Christ ; for, 1. business of importance was intrusted by the whole church to its messengers — Acts xv. : 2, 3 ; these messen- gers were received by the body of the church — xv. : 4 ; answer was returned from tJie tohole company of the brethren — xv. : 22, 23 ; and was carried to the whole " multitude" of the church — xv. : 30.
2. Officers were elected by the body of disciples, viz. : an apostle — Acts i. : 15, 22 — 26, and deacons — vi. : 5.
3. Discipline was administered by the body of disciples. See 1 Cor. v. : 4, where the church, as a body, are supposed to be gathered together ; 2 Cor. ii. : 6, 7, where the discipline is spoken of as " the punishment inflicted of many," Implying evidently the agency of the body of the church in it ; Matt, xviii. : 17, where the Saviour directs those who have been offended, as their last resort, to " tell it to the church."
The testimony of ancient history coincides. " With regard to government and internal economy, every individual church considered itself an independent community, none of them ever looking in these respects beyond the circle of its own members, or recognizing any sort of external influence or authority." — Mosheim, vol. 1, p. 196.
FORMING A CHURCH. 43
" The societies which were institutotl in the cities of the Roman empire, were united only by the ties of faith and charity. Independence and equality formed the basis of their internal constitution." — {Decline and Fall, vol. 1, p. 554.)
For experience of the workings of this system in our age and in our country, it is sufBcient to point to the history, for two hundred years, of New England. This may answer the question,
AVhat is Con'gregatiox.aj.ism good for ? It is good to make republican states, republican towns, crowded schools, an intelligent, enlightened, active community, as its collateral results : stable churches ; a learned and pious ministry, equal to any the world has ever seen ; benevolent societies, that have done more in half a century to spread the gospel, than had been done for ten centuries before ; the molding of whole communities on religious principles ; the training of millions of souls for heaven — as its direct results.
What ought we to do with Coxgregatioxalism ?
We ought to use it ; use it ; use it and not be afraid of it. AVe ought to give it a chance everywhere through the land. What has worked so well in one place, ought to be worked in other places. Trij it.
Those who know what Congregationalism is, ought to inform those who don't know. Those who go away from it, ought to take it with them. Those who go where it is beginning, ought to begin with it, and help it when it is feeble, assured that it will help them when it grows strong — as it Mill, if it has an opportunity to grow.
Especially Congregationalists ought to keep the peace among themselves, and expend their force for the common caase ; not stopping to slander one another, or their common inother.
FORMING A CHURCH.
To some in our new settlements, the following hints may be useful ; they are designed for such : — Determine,
1. Whether there are individuals enough who would fellowship each other in doctrine and covenant, to constitute a church. Neither the scriptures nor usage fix the exact number. It should be large enough to transact the appro- priate business and conduct the discipline of the church, and not too large to meet comfortably in one place. Seven male members were deemed indispens- able by our fathers. Some churches are organized with not more than that number of both sexes. Determine,
2. Whether there is, or is likely to be, a population from which, with the divine blessing, a self-sustaining and prosperous church can be gathered. De- termine,
3. Whether there are no accommodations provided where satisfactory worship and Christian fellowship can now be enjoyed.
44 CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
These questions settled iu the affirmative, let there be a meeting of tliose wishing a new organization, in whicli there shall be the fullest expression of feelings toward God, in prayer, and to one another in ft'ee conversation with reference to the solemn undertaking ; and let there be still another meeting, in which prayer and remarks shall intermingle, and the mind of the great Head of the Church be ascertained.
When the way shall seem to be opened for another step, a moderator and scribe should be appointed, and a committee raised to prepare articles of faith, and a covenant, to be presented at an adjourned meeting. In the mean time, a day of fasting and prayer should be observed. Yery few of the earlier churches of New England were constituted without the observance of such a day ; and its fitness, if not its necessity, must be apparent to all.
Regular letters of dismission and recommendation will, of course, be pro- cured by all who were professors of religion, from the churches to which they severally belonged, before their organization ; and if any are to be received on profession of their faith, an ordained minister should examine and receive them.
In all cases where it can be done, there should be consultation with neigh- boring pastors and leading members of the churches, before the organization, for many and most obvious reasons.
At the adjourned meeting, the articles of faith and the covenant being examined, and personally assented to, some such vote as the following seems at this time appropriate : — " Voted, that we now form ourselves into a Con- gregational church, and adopt the following articles of faith and covenant ; in testimony of which, we hereunto affix our names."
This being done, it is both customary and proper to call, by letters missive, a council of neighboring churches, to be represented each by its pastor and delegate, to examine the proceedings of the church ; and if they be found orderly, and the articles of faith sound, to pronounce said church duly organ- ized according to Congregational usage, and receive it into the fellowship of the churches.
The vote above named is perhaps more frequently taken on the expediency of forming a church, instead of making it decisive and final ; submitting the question of forming the church to the council. The former course, to many, seems the most in accordance with the genius of our church polity. Both have the sanction of usage.
Where no council can be called, it is deemed necessary, except in extraor- dinary cases, that at least one ordained minister of the gospel should examine the proceedings of the church, and give it the right hand of fellowship.
Officers of the church can be chosen, and by-laws enacted, after, or previous to, the organization of the church, as is most convenient.
AETICLES OF FAITH AND COVENANT, 45
ARTICLES OF FAITH.
Upon the following Articles of Faith, a church was organized, with the unanimous approbation of a large council of pastors and delegates from the Congregational churches of Boston and vicinity : —
" We believe that there is but one God, the Creator, Preserver, and Gov- ernor of the Universe ; a Being of perfect and adorable attributes.
"That the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments were given by inspiration of God, and are the only perfect and sufficient rule of faith and practice.
" That the Godhead is revealed in the Scriptures as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; and that these three, equal in all divine attributes, arc one God.
" That God's eternal purposes respect all actual events ; that in forming and executing them, he takes counsel only of himself, and that the principles and administration of his government, are holy, just, and good.
" That man was originally holy ; but that, by sinning against God, he fell from that state, and that, in consequence of the fail, all mankind are by nature entirely destitute of holiness, and disposed to sin.
" That Jesus Christ, by his humiliation, sufferings, and death, has made an Atonement sufficient for the redemption of all mankind ; and that pardon and eternal life are, through him, freely offered to all.
" That Kepentance and Faith in Christ are the only conditions on which any can avail themselves of the offers thus graciously made ; and that all, while left to themselves, do refuse to comply with these conditions.
" That the Holy Spirit, by his regenerating energies, doth influence some to comply with these conditions ; and that those whom he renews are ' kept by the power of God, through faith, unto salvation.'
" We believe in the resurrection of the dead, and in a day of judgment ; when all mankind are to receive a sentence of retribution, according to what they have done ; and that the righteous will then enter into life, and the wicked will go away into punishment, both of which will be without end.
" Moreover, we believe that in this world the Lord Jesus Christ has a visi- ble Church, the terms of admission to which are a public profession of faith in Christ, sustained by credible evidence. That Baptism and the Lord's Supper are ordinances to be observed in the Church to the end of the world ; that none but members of the visible Church, in regular standing, should partake of the Lord's Supper, and that only they and their households are proper subjects for the ordinance of Baptism."
COVENANT.
The following is from the Manual of the Plymouth Church, Rochester, N.T.
You do now, in humble dependence on the Divine Spirit, whose help is promised to all who seek it, publicly consecrate yourself to the worship and service of Jehovah — Father, Son, and Holy Spirit — sincerely giving up your- self to Him to be his for ever ; and you covenant and promise to obey the com-
46 CONGEEGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
mands and walk in the ordinances of the gospel, to submit yourself to the gov- ei'nment of this church, and to love and watch over its members as brethren, to attend its worship, to uphold its discipline, and to promote its purity, peace, and prosperity.
Thus you covenant with this church. (The members of the church rise and covenant.)
We, then, the members of this church, cordially receive you into its mem- bership ; we promise to love and watch over you, and in Christian fidelity to seek your advancement in the life of Him whose name we bear.
To us and to you this should be a day to be remembered with gratitude for that mercy and grace in Jesus Christ in which we trust, and for which we bless the Lord. Let us remember that God has heard our vows and covenant; and that the record and the results will be manifesfed at the great day of his appearing.
The Lord bless you and keep you ; the Lord make his face shine upon you and be gracious unto you ; the Lord lift uji his countenance upon you and give you peace. Amen.
THE PASTOIi'S RELATION.
In the halcyon days of our fathers, the pastor's relations were so permanent that we fondly conceive of it as bearing a close analogy to that of the bride- groom and the bride. And since the great Head of the Church has been pleased thus to symbolize His connection with his people, we are wont to pray that a minister and his charge may take each other " for better or for worse," to share each other's joys and sorrows, while life shall last. But as, at the present day, bills of divorcement are given for slighter causes than the divine standard warrants, so changes in the pastoral relation have become so frequent that the judicious conduct of ecclesiastical affairs involves the exercise of a high degree of diplomatic skill.
"When a church and society are destitute of a pastor, the first inquiry is :— On whom devolves the procuring of a supply ?
Is it the duty of the deacons, — of the examining committee of the church, — of the prudential committee of the parish, — or of a special committee chosen for this specific jiurpose ?
The custom among Congregationalists, altliough somewhat various, generally favors the raising of a special committee, entitletf, "The Committee for the Supply of the Pulpit."
By whom should this committee be chosen, — by the church or the parish ?
Although the church is the body most deeply interested, and to which, if to cither exclusively, this business may with the greatest security be committed ; yet, as the parish only is a corporate body, and the duties of this committee involve financial interests, it is common to entrust this service of supplying the pulpit to joint committees of the church and society, the former having the
THE pastor's eelation. 47
majority. Very much depends, more than is generally appreciated, upon the character of this committee. If its members have good common sense, with a fair quota of experience, they can avoid or even allay jealousies and party spirit ; but if they commit a few indiscretions, they will engender strife, from the blighting influence of which religion will suffer for years.
There are three prominent courses which such committees pursue. One is to employ a great variety of preachers as " supplies," and then call upon the church or society to decide which of these shall be recpested to preach as a candidate, or be invited, it may be, to settle as pastor. But in the diversity of taste prevailing among the multitude, each, or at least several, of these " supplies" will gain votaries ; and thus the strife begins.
Another coui'se sometimes adopted by the committee, is to select two or three candidates, and after they have been heard for an equal length of time, refer the question, — To which of these shall " a call " be extended ? In this case, each candidate proves the favorite of at least some individuals. Parties are formed, and, as the number of parties is diminished, the contest increases in warmth, it may be, in virulence.
One or the other of these courses specified, is frequently, perhaps it may be said, generally, pursued ; but they are both attended with an incalculable amount of mischief.
A third course is, to form a rational estimate of what kind of a minister the church or society needs, and can reasonahhj expect to gain ; and then make thorough inquiry, of those who are acquainted with clergymen, and are capable of forming a judgment respecting them, for a suitable man — and sometimes go and hear for themselves, as a committee, the individual recommended ; and not introduce into the pulpit any candidate until they find one whom they believe to be the right man ; and never introduce the second man, until it is settled that the first is not acceptable to the people. In this way, a pastor may be secured with great unanimity, and with the happiest results.
When the question arises as to extending " a call to settle " to a given can- didate, to whom shall this question be first referred — to the church, or the parish ?
This point is more important than is often imagined. It has been the sub- ject of much controversy in New England ; but now it is the fixed policy of Congregationalists to secure the reference of this question to the church first ; thus giving to professed Christians the power of nomination. There is, some- times, an unhappy and ruinous jealousy existing between a church and society. While the church should, properly, consult the preferences of a parish, so far as can consistently be done ; that parish must be short-sighted and perverse which does not so appreciate the dependence of the institutions of religion upon vital piety, as to be willing to give the precedence to the church in the selection of a pastor.
When a pastor has been chosen, a new question arises : — ■'^Vhat shall be the terms of his settlement ?
If a pastor is settled unconditionally, or with no provision for the termina-
48 CONGEEGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
tion of the relation, it is regarded in the eye of the law as a settlement for life ; and as such it can not be disturbed, except by the mutual consent of the parties.
This mode of settlement derives a sacredness from its association with life as a whole, and fosters a state of feeling in pastor and people favorable to stabil- ity ; but it involves an incidental evil. There have, sometimes, been found individual clergymen, whose ministrations are not acceptable to their people, and who really ought to yield their position, and yet they refuse to do so : — in such cases the church and society are greatly restrained by, if they are not held entirely subject to, the will of their pastor.
To avoid such a contingency, the practice has frequently been adopted of in- corporating into the terms of settlement, the condition that either party may dissolve the relation, by giving six months notice to that effect. This arrange- ment involves the evil of causing the relation to be viewed as a temporary matter. The facility with which it enables a party to dismiss their pastor, furnishes a temptation to individuals to create parties, and exposes the society to hasty action.
To avoid each of these extremes, there are parishes which have introduced into the terms of settlement the stipulation that, if the majority of the legal voters in the parish vote that they are dissatisfied with their pastor, and give him their reasons in writing, and then, at the expiration of six months, vote again that they wish the pastoral relation to terminate, he shall then consider himself as discharged from his ministerial relation, and from that time shall re- linquish any further demand for services performed among them ; and that, if he gives to the parish, in writing, reasons why he wishes the pastoral relation dissolved, and at the end of six months notifies them that those reasons are not removed, then he shall be at liberty to leave — the dissolution, in either case, be- ing effected by and with the advice of an ecclesiastical council.
This involves the advantage of having only such reasons prevail as the par- ties are willing to present in writing ; and also, that of six months' deliberation.
When a few individuals wish to have their minister leave, they sometimes meet at the house of some Diotrephes (3rd John, 9th verse), and, as a self-con- stituted committee, commission one of their number to visit their pastor, and inform him that, in their opinion, his usefulness v/ith that church is at an end. Such a course tends, surely, to bring his usefulness to an end, and gives to a minority, a dangerous power. If the reasons why individuals wish their pastor dismissed are not such that they are willing to state them publicly, if they are not such as will prevail with a majority of the church and society, then it be- hooves these individuals to cherish a quiet and submissive spirit, rather than act clandestinely, or form a clique.
Congregationalists should have no occasion to pray for deliverance from tJie tyranny of minorities ; and the church shozdd be rendered militant by her con- flicts with her foes, rather than her friends.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MINISTERS.
49
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MINISTERS.
Abbe, Fif.l. R., Abiiigton, Ms. Abbott, Benjamin, }!:u-i-e, Vt. Abb<jft, FAw.u-d F. , DubUn, N. H. Ablxitt, Juecib J., Uxbridge, Ms. Abbutt, Josepb, Beverly, Ms. Abbott, J. S. C, Brunswick, Me. Adair, S. L. , Ossawatoinie, K. T. Adams, Aarnn C, Manchester, X. H. Adams, Charles C, Fairfield, Vt. Adams, Cliarles H., Westford, Ct. Adams, Darwin, Dunstable, Ms. Ada:n.s, Ephm., Decorah, lo. Adams, Ezra E. , Nashua, N. H. Adams, Ezra, Gilsum, >f. H. Adams, E. J., Portland, Me. Adams, Geo. E. , D.D., Brunswick, Me. Adams, George M. , Conway, Ms. Adams, Geo. , W. Riverpoint, K. I. Adams, Harvey, Farmington, lo. Adams, Henry, Peoria, 111. Adams, Isaac F. , Sherburne, N. Y. Adams, Jonathan, Boothbay, Me. Adams, John H., Boothbay, Me. Adams, John, Hanover Center, N. H. Adams, John C, Andover, Ms. Adams, John R. , Gorhara, Me. Adams, L., Potton, C. W. Adams, Nehemiah, D.D. , Boston, Ms. Adams, Thomas, Hambden, 0. Aiken. Charles A., Yarmouth, Me. Aiken, James, I'utnev, Vt. Aiken, Silas, D.D., Rutland, Vt. Ainsworth, Laban, Jaffrey, N. H. Albro, John A., D.D. , Cambridge, Ms. Alden, Ebenezer. jr., Marshfield, Ms. Alden, Edmund K., Lenox, Ms. Alden, Lucius, New Castle, N. H. Allen,' A. S., Black Earth, Wis. Allen, Benjamin R., Marblehead, Ms, Allen, Cyrus W,, Hubbardston, Ms. Allen, Ephraim W., Salcni, Ms. Allen, Erwin W., Wellsville, N, Y, Allen, George, Worcester, Ms. Allen, Henry, Saxtonville, Ms. Allen, John W. , Sheboj'gan Falls, Wis. Allen, Samuel H., Windsor Locks, Ct. Allen, Wm., Dracut, Ms. Allworth, W., Glanford, C. W. Alvord, A., Le Claire, lo. Alvord, J. W. Newton, Ms. Ambler, John L. , Harlem, N. Y. Ames, Marcus, Westminster, Ms, Amsdeu, B, M., Belvidere, 111. Anderson, James, Manchester, Vt. Anderson, Joseph, Grand Haven, Mich, Anderson, Rufus, D.D., Boston, Ms. ■ Andrew, Samuel R. , New Haven, C^. Andrews, David, Tiverton, P. I. Andrews, Dean, Marshall, 111, Andrews, E. B. , 1 Professors,
Andrews, I. W, j Marietta College, 0. Andrews, S, J. , Hartford, a, Andrus, E. , Augusta, Mich. Angier, Luther H., Concord, Ms. Angier, Marshall B,, Hopkinton, N. H. Anthony, Geo. N., Great Falls, N. H.
Apthorp, W. P., Moultonborough, N. 11. Amies, J, L. , Mason, N. H. Armour, J. , Esquesing, C. W. Arms, Hiram P. , Norwich, Ct. Arms, Selah R,, Springfield, Vt, Arms, Wm., Beaver Dam, Wis. Armsby, Lauren, Faribault, Min. Armstrong, Henry A.,Seabrook, N. II. Armstrong, I., .Tonesville, N. Y. Armstrong, Lebbeus, Ballston Spa, N. Y. Armstrong, Robt. S. E. , Pitcairn, N. Y. Arnold, Joel R., So. Coventry, Ct. Arnold, F. L. , Rome, 0. Arnold, Seth S., Roxbury, N. H, Ashby, John L,, Saccarappa, Me. Ashley, S. S. , Northboro, Ms. Ashmun, Silas H. , Waupun, Wis. Atkins, L. S., Madison, 0. Atkinson, George H., Oregon City, Atkinson, Timothy, Westport, Ct, Atkinson, Wm. B., Carthage, 111. Atwater, Edward E., New Haven, Ct,
Atwater, Jason, Southburj', Ct, Atwater, Wm. W., Elkhart, Ind,
Atwood, Anson S, , Mansfield Center, Ct,
Atwood, Alanson, Oriskany Falls, N. Y,
Atwood, Edward S,, Needham, Ms,
Austin, David R. , So. Norwalk, Ct.
Austin, V. D., East Jaffrey, N. H.
Austin, H. A., Huntington, Ms.
Austin, Samuel J., Mason Village, N. H.
Averill, James, Plymouth Hollow, Ct,
Avery, Frederick I)., Columbia, Ct,
Avery, Jared R. , Franklin, Ct.
Avery, John, Lebanon, Ct.
Avery, .^hn T,, Cleveland, 0,
Avery, Wra. F., Sparta, Wis.
Avery, William P., Griswold, Ct.
Ayer, Chas. Ij., Centralville, Ct,
Ayer, Frederick, Belle Prairie, Min.
Ayer, Joseph, East Lyme, Ct.
Ayres, Frederick H. ,New York.
Ayres, Rowland, Hadlev, Ms.
B;ibbitt, C. W. MetamoVa, 111.
Babbitt, S. T., " 111.
Babcock, Daniel H., S. Plymouth, Ms.
Babcock, Elisha, Centerville, Ms.
Bacheler, F. E. M., Brooklyn. N. Y.
Bacheler, G., Machias Port, Me.
Bacon, Enoch, Centerville, Ms.
Bacon, James M. , Essex, Ms.
Bacon, Leonard, D.D., New Haven, Ct.
Bacon, Leonard W., Litchfield, Ct.
Bacon, William T., Woodbury, Ct.
Backus, Joseph W. , Leominster, Ms.
Backus, Samuel, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Badger, Milton, D.D., New' York.
Bailey, Charles, Grinnell, lo. Bailey, Charles E., Ontario, Wis. Bailey, N. P., PainesviUe, 0. liiiley, Phineas, Albany, Vt. Bailey, Stephen, Ljmian, Me. Baker, A. A., Petalumar, Cal. Baker, A. D., Cambridge, 111. Baker, Abijah R., West Needham, Ms. Baker, E. P., Dennysville, Me.
50
CONGREGATIONAL YEAE-BOOK.
Baker, Isaac.
Baker, John, Wilton, Me.
Baker, John F. , Midway, Ga.
Baker, Silas, AlfreJ, Me.
Baker, Thomas, Newmarket, C. W.
Baldwin, Abm. C. , Durham, Ct.
Baldwin, C. C. , Ridgewell, 0.
Baldwin, C. H., Cattaraugu.s, N. Y.
Baldwin, Jo.s. B., West Cummington, Ms.
Baldwin, Thos., Plymouth, Vt.
Baldwin, W. A., Whitewater, Wis.
Balkara, Uriah, Lewiston, Me.
Ball, A. M.
Ballard, Addison, Williamstown, Ms.
Ballard, Josiah, Flympton, M.s.
Ballard, James, Lamont, Mich.
Bancroft, David, Willington, Ct.
Banister, S. W. , Ware, M.s.
Barber, A. D. , Bellevue, O.
Barber, Alanson D. , Willi.ston, Vt.
Barber, Luther H. , HitchcockviUe, Ct.
Barbour, Henry, Ameniaville, N. Y.
Barbour, Nelson, Cummington, Ms.
Bardwell, D. M., Michigan City, Ind.
Bardwell, Horatio, D.D. , Oxford, Ms.
Barker, E. , Erarao.sa, C. W.
Barker, D. R. , Mercer, Pa.
Barker, Nathaniel, Wakefield, N. H.
Barlow, Abuer, Dunkirk, Wis.
Barnard, Pliny F. , Williamstown, Vt.
Barnard, S. A. Willsborough, N. Y.
B;irnard, W. H. .Shopiere, Wis.
Barnes, J. R., Cannon Falls, Min.
Barnes, N. H,, Dowagiac, Mich.
Barney, Jas. 0., Seekonk, Ms.
Barnum, George, Medina, Mich.
Barnum, H. N., St. Johnsbury, Vt.
Barnum, Samuel W., Phillipston, Us.
Barrett, G. J.
Barrett, N., Hudson, 0.
Barris, Joseph S. , Ripley, N. Y.
Barrows, Elijah P., Andover, Ms.
Barrows, George W., Salisbury, Vt.
Barrows, Homer, Wareham, Ms.
Barrows, S. , Davenport, lo.
Barrows, William, Reading, Ms.
Barstow, Zed. S., D.D., Keene, N. H.
Barteau, Sidney H., Oconomowoc, Wis.
Bartle, W. T., Chicago, 111.
Bartlett, E. N. , Olivet Institute, Mich.
Bartlctt, Francis, Belpre, 0.
Bartlett, John, West Avon, Ct.
Bartlett, Jonathan, Redding, Ct.
Bartlett, Joseph, Buxton, Me.
Bartlett, Samuel C. , Chicago, El.
Bartley, John M. C. , Hampstead,N. H.
Barton, C. B.,Woodburn, 111.
Barton, F. A., Indian Orchard, Ms.
Ba.scora, F., Dover, 111.
Ba.ssett, lidward B. , Cuttingsville, Vt.
Bassett, Wm. E., Central Village, a.
Batchelder, J. S., St. Johnsbury, E. Vt.
Bates, Alvan J., Lincoln, Me.
Bates, E. D., Southboro, Ms.
Bates, Henry, Almont, Mich.
Bates, James, Granby, Ms.
Bates, John U., Antrim, N. H.
Bates, Philander, Portlandville, N. Y.
Bates, WiUiara, Northbridge, Mi.
Bayliss, Samuel, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Bayne, Thomas, Russeltown, C. E.
Baxter, B. S.,
Beach, Aaron C, Wolcott, Ct.
Beach, L. B., Andover, 0.
Beach, Nathaniel, Little Comptou, R. I.
Beadle, Elias R., Hartford, Ct.
Beaman, Chas. C., North Scituate, R. I.
Beaman, Warren H , North Had ley, Ms.
Bean, Samuel, Little Compton, R. I.
Beane, P. A., Hambden, 0.
Beard, Spencer F., Andover, M.i. Beardsley, Bron.son B. , Shirley, Ms. Beardsley, Julius 0., Bedford, 0. Beardsley, Nehemiah H., Somers, Ct. Beardsley, WiUiam, Victoria, 111. vBecker, Geo. L. , Sanford, Me. Bockwith, Geo. C, D.D., Boston, Ms. Beckw^ith, John H., Irasburgh, Vt. Beebee, Hubbard, West Haven, a. Beecher, Charles, Georgetown, Ms. Beecher, Edward, D.D. , Gale.sburg, 111. Beecher, Henry Ward, Brooklyn, N. Y. Beecher, Lyman, D.D. , " "
Beecher, Thomas K., Elmira, N. Y. Beecher, William H., North Brookfield, Ms Belden, Henry, Brooklyn, N. Y. Belden, WiUiam, Brooklyn, N. Y. Belden, WiUiam W., Hartford, Ct. Bell, Hiram, KiUingworth, Ct. Beman, Amos G., New Haven, Ct. Bement, Wm., Elmira, N. Y. Benedict, Lewis, Aurora, 111. Benedict, Thomas N., PeekskiU, N. Y. Benedict, W. U. , Vermontville, Mich. Benjamin, W., Shinnecock, N. Y. Bennett, E. 0., Columbus City, lo. Bennett, Joseph L., Lockport, N. Y. Benson, Almond, Center Harbor, N. H. Ben.son, H. H., Appleton, Wis. Bent, George, Annoka, Min. Bent, J. A., Middlebury, Vt. Bentley, Charles, Westport, Ct. Benton, J. A., Sacramento, Cal. Benton, J. E. , Mission Dolores, Cal. Benton, Samuel A., Anamcsa, lo. Benton, WiUiam A., Alejipo, Syria. Betts. A. H., Charle.^ton, O. Bicknell, S. S., Johnstown, Wis. Bigelow, Asahel, Hancock, N. H. Bigelow, Andrew, Medfield, Ms. Bigelow, Warren, Black River Falls, Wis. Billings, Richard S. , Sholburne, Ms. Bingham, Joel S. , Leominster, Ms. Bingham, Hiram, New Haven, Ct. Bingham, Luther G., New York. Birchard, Wra. W., Broad Brook, a. Bird, Isaac, Hartford, Ct. Birge, E. C, Algonquin, 111. Bisbee, John H. , AVorthington, Ms. Biscoe, Thomas C, Grafton, JLs. Bishop, Nelson, Windsor, Vt. BisseU, S. B. S., New York. Bissel, Oscar, Westmoreland, N. H. Bittinger, J. B., Cleveland, O. Bixby, Solomon, Fayetteville, Vt. Black, R. K., Kanai^, C. W. Blagden, Geo. W., D.D., Boston, Ms. Blake, Henry B. , Belchertown, Ms. Blake, Jeremiah, Acton, Me. Blake, Joseph, Cumberland, Me. BlaUe, Mortimer, Taunton, Ms. Blakely, A.,Dover, 0. Blakeman, Phiuehas, North Madison, Ct. Blakeslee, S. V., San Francisco, Cal. Blanchard, Amos, D.D. , Lowell, Ms. Blanchard, Amos, Meriden, N. H. Blanchard, Edmund H. , Ludlow, Vt. Blanchard, G. B. , Jackson, Me. Blanchard, J., Galesburg, lU. Blanchard, N. B., Plymouth, Ms. Blanchard, Silas M., Bath, N. H. Blanchard, W. S. Blanchard, W. W., Urbana, 111. lilauveU, G. M. S., Racine, Wis. Bliss, Asher, Stockton, N. Y. Bliss, Isaac G., Southbridge, Ms. Bliss, Seth, Bo.ston, Ms. Bliss, Thomas E. , Blackstone, Ms. Bliss, Zenas, Richmond, Vt. Blodgett, Constantine, Pawtucket, R. I.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OP MINISTERS.
51
Blodgett, Edward P., Greenwich, Ms. Blood, C. E. , Manhattan, Kan. Blood, John, No. Greenwich, Ct. Bloodgood, A. L., Enfield, a. Bloomer, Adam, Grand View, lo. Boardraan, C. A., Monroe, Wis. Boardman, E. J., EUc Creek, lo. Boardman, Geo. N., Middlebury, Vt Boardman, Sam'l W.. Norwich, Vt. Bodwell, Abraham, Sanbornton, N. H. Bodwell, Joseph C, Framinghaiu, Ms. Bodwell, Lewis, Topeka, Kan. Boggs, James, New Corvdon, Ind. Bond, Alvan, D.D., Norwich, Ct. Bond, William B., St. Johnsbury, Vt. Bonney. Elijah H., Plainfield, Us. Boody, H. H. , Brunswick, Me. Booth, Peter, Greenport, L. I. Boring, E. L., Almont, Mich. Bosworth, N. , Lowville, N. Y. Bosworth, Q. N., Lodi, 0. Bourne, S., Flushing, N. Y. Boutelle, Asaph, Peacham, Vt. Boutelle, Thomas, Leominster, Ms. Bouton, Nath., D.D., Concord, N. H. Boutwell, James, Sanbornton, N. H. BoutweU, W. T., Stillwater, Min. Bowers, John, Wilbraham, Ms. Bowker, Samuel, Turner, Me. Bowler, S. L., Orono, Me. Bowman, Geo. A., S. Kennebunk Port, Me. Boyd, J., Paris, C. W. Boynton, Alden B., Wiscasset, Me. Boyntou, Chas. B. , Cincinnati, 0. Boynton, John, Wiscasset, Me. Brace, Joab, Pittsfield, Ms. Brace, Jonathan, Milford, Ct. Bradford, Dana B., Raymond, N. H. Bradford, E. G., Princeton, Wis. Bradford, James, Sheflield, Ms. Bradford, Moses B. , Grafton, Vt. Bradford, Samuel, Montague, Ms. Bradley, Caleb, Westbrook, Me. Bradley, T. S., Wilton, Ct. Bradshaw, John, Crown Point, N. Y. Bragg, Jesse K. , Brookfield, Ms. Brainerd, David S. , Lyme, Ct. Brainerd, Timothy G., Halifax, Ms. Braman, Isaac, Georgetown, lis. Braman, Milton P., D.D. , Danvers, Ms. Branch, Edw. T., Oakland, Mich. Brauns, Fred. W. , Suspension Bridge, N. Y. Bray, John E., Clinton, Ct. Bray, W. Mc K., Pittston, Me. Breed, C. C, Jericho, Ul. Breed, David, Lisbon, Ct. Breed, Wm. J., New Haven, Ct. Bremner, David, Rockport, Ms. Brewster, Cyrus, Derby, Ct. Brew.5t€r, L. , Schroon, N. Y. Brickett, Henry, Merrimack, N. H. Bridge, Henry M., Warwick, Ms. . Bridgeman, L. , Westfield, Wis. Bridgeman, Wm., Lisbon, 111. Briggs, Isaac, North Rochester, Ms. Briggs, Wm. T. , Princeton, Ms. Brighara, C. A. G., Enfield, a. Brigham, David, Bridgewater, Ms. Brigham, John C. , D.D. , New York. Brigham, Levi, Saugus, Ms. Brigham, Willard, Ashfield, Ms. Brinsmade, H. N., D.D., Beloit, Wis. Brintnall, L. W. , Lafayette, 0. Bristol, R. C.,DeKalb, 111. Bristol, Sherlock, Dartford, Wis. Brooks, A. L. , Bridgeport, Ct. Brooks, Edward F., Gill, Ms. Broomer, J., McGregor, lo. Brown, Charles M. , Tremont, Mc. Brown, Edward, Fon Du Lac, Wis.
Brown, Hope, Rockford, 111. Brown, Joshua R. , Longraeadow, Ms. Brown, Josiah W. , Ashburnham, Ms. Brown, Sam'l G., D.D., Hanover, N. H. Brown, Silas C, West Bloomfield, N. Y. Brown. S. S. , Concord, Mich. Brown, Wm. B., Newark, N. J. Brownell, Grove L. , Sharon, Ct. Bryan, George A., New Haven, Ct. Bryant, Sidne}', East Granby, Ct. Brundage, Abner, Orange, N. J. Bucher, J. B., Abbottsford, C. E. Buck, Edwin A., Bethel, Me. Buckham, James, Fairfield, Vt. Buckingham, Sam'l G. , Springfield, Ms. Budge, H., Camden, N. Y. Budington, W. I., D.D., Brooklyn, N. Y. Bulfinch, J. J., Perry, Me. Bulkley, Edwin A., Groton, Ms. Bulkley, C. H. A., Winsted, Ct. Bull, Richard B., ClearviUe, N. Y. Bullard, Asa, Boston, Ms. BuUard, Charles H., Hartford, Ct. Bullard, Eben. W., Royalston, Ms. Bullen, H. L. , Prof., Davenport, lo. Burb,ank, Caleb, Chatham, 0. Burbank, J. E., Burr Oak, lo. Burchard, J., Watertown, N. Y. Burchard, Wm. M. . Broad Brook, Ct. Burdett, M., Philadelphia, Pa. Burgess, Chalon, Little Valley, N. Y. Burgess, E. , D.D. , Dedham, Ms. Burgess, Oliver, Four Corners, 0. Burgess, W., Southwold, C. W. Burnap, B. , Parishville, N. Y. Burnard, M. H., Roscoe, 111. Burnham, Amos W. , Riudge, N. H. Burnham, E. 0., Columbus, lo. Burnham, Charles, Meredith, N. H. Burnham, Jonas, Farmington, Me. Burpee, A., Montreal, C. E. Burr, Enoch F. , Hamburg, Ct. Burr, W. , Ravenna, 0. Burr, Zalmon B., Westport, Ct. Burt, Daniel C. , Berkley, Ms. Burt, David, Rutland, Ms. Burt, E., Gilead, Me. Burton, Nathan, Mill Plain, Ct. Burton, Nathl., Hartford, Ct. Bush, J. W., Chicago, 111. Bushnell, A. W. , Newton, Mich. Bushnell, George, Worcester, Ms. Bushnell, Horace, D.D., Hartford, Ct. Bushnell, Horace, Cincinnati, 0. Bushnell, William, Boston, Ms. Buss, Henry, Nora, 111. Butler, Daniel, Groton, Ms. Butler, FrankUn, Windsor, Vt. Butler, Jeremiah, Bergen, N. Y'. Butler, J. D., Cincinnati, 0. Butterfield, G. , Elk River, Jo. Butterfield, H. Q., Hallowell, Me. Buxton. Edward, Bosoawen West, N. H. Byingto'n, Swift, West Brookfield, Ms. Byrd, J H., Leavenworth, K. T. Byrne, J. T., Whitby, C. W. Cad well, J., Beardstown, 111. Cady, Calvin B., Alburgh, Vt. Cady, C. S., Bowen's Prairie, lo. Cady, Daniel R., West Cambridge, Ms. Caldwell, James, Beardstown, 111. Caldwell, W. E., Jamesville, N. Y. Calhoun, George A., D.D., Coventry, Ct. Camfield, P. , Sheboygan Falls, Wis. Camp, Albert B., Bristol, Ct. Camp, Amzi, New York. Camp, Charles W., Sheboygan, Wis. Campbell, Alexander B. , Mendon, 111. Campbell, C. B., East Groton, N. Y. Campbell, J., Spencer, N. Y.
52
CONGREGATIONAL YEAE-BOOK.
Campbell, J., Indian Lands, C. W. Campbell, Randolph, Newburyport, Ms. Oimpbell, S. M., Uansville, N". Y. Campfield, Robert B. , jr.. New York. Cinfield, Philo, Greenfield, Ct. GinHeld, Thos. H., Bellevue, lo. Carey, M., Elkada, lo. Carlton, Hiram, West Barnstable, Ms. Carlton, I., Oxford, Me. Carpenter, Eber, Southbridge, Ms. Carpenter, E. G., Newcastle, Me. Carpenter, E. Irwin, Littleton, N. H. Carpenter, Hugh S. , Portland, Me. Carrier, S. S., Linklaen, N. Y. Carruthers, J. J., D.D. , Portland, Me. Carter, William, Pittsfield, III. Carver, Robert, Raynham, Ms. Case, Henry, McConnelsville, 0. Case, Lyman, Coventry, Vt. Case, Rufus, West Lebanon, N. H. Case, Z., Coventry, Vt. Caswell, Enoch H. , Loudon, N. H. Catlin, W. E., Grass Lake, Mich. Chamberlain, Charles, Ashford, Ct. Chamberlain, E. B., Lancaster, N. H. Cliamberlain, J. L. , Brunswick, Me. Chamberlain, U. T. , Conneaut, Pa. Chandler, Azariah, D.D. , Greenfield, Ms. Chandler, Joseph, Brattleboro West, Vt. Chaney, L. W. , Heuvelton, N. Y. Chapin, E. P., Camden, Me. Chapin, H. M., Ripon, Wis. Chapin, N. C, La Crosse, Wis. Chapman, Calvin, Lakeville, Ms. Chapman, E. C, East Sugar Grove, P.t. Chapman, D. , Lyndon, 111. Chapman, Elias, Great Falls, N. H. Chapman, Ed. D., Busti, N. Y. Chapman, Fred. W., Ellington, Ct. Chapman, Jacob, Marshall, Ind. Chapman, Nathaniel, Pittston, ile. Chase, Benjamin C. , Camden, Me. Chase, Ebenezer, Eastham, Ms. Chase, Moses, Brasher Falls, N. Y. Cheever, George B. , D.D., New York. Cheever, Henry T., Jewett City, Ct. Cheeseborough, Amos S., Stonington, Ct. Chickering, J. W., D.D., Portland, Me. Child, Willard, D.D., Castleton, Vt. Childs, A. C. , Amesbury, Ms. Childs, Rufus, Berlin, Vt. Chipraan, R. M. , Guilford, Ct. Christopher, W. B. , Lacon, 111. Church, B. C. , Michigan. Church, Lot, Big Woods, HI. Churchill, C. H. , HilUsdale, Mich. Churchill, John, AVoodbury, a. Chute, Ariel P., Ware, Ms. Claggett, Erastus B., Lyndeboro, N. H. Claggett, William, West Hartford, Vt. Clapp, Charles W., Rockville, Ct. Clapp, Erastus, East Hampton, Ms. Clapp, Luther, Wauwatosa, Wis. CTapp, A. H., Providence, R. I. Clapp, S. G., Sturbridge, Ms. Clark, Anson, Hartford, Wis. Clark, Asa F., Peru, Vt. Clark, B. F., Amherst, Ms. Clark, Benj. F., North Chelmsford, Ms. Clark, Clinton, Ridgefield, Ct. Clark, Dorus, Waltham, Ms. aark, Edward W., Auburndale, Ms. Clark, Edward, Ashfield, Ms. Clark, Elias, Mankato, Min. Clark, Elias, Eg-remont, Ms. Clark, Eli B., Chicopee, Ms. Clark, George, Oberlin, 0. aark, Henry, Burhngton, Ct. Qark, Jacob S. , Morgan, Vt. Clark, James A., Southwick, Ms.
Clark, John, Bristol, N. H. Clark, Jonas B., Swampscott, Ms. Clark, J. B., Clarendon, Vt. Clark, Joseph S., D.D., Boston, Ms. Clark, Lewis F., Whitinsville, M.s. Clark, Nelson, Quincv, Ms. Clark, N. C, Elgin, 111. Clark, Philctus, Townshend West. Vt. Clark, Perkins K., So. Deerfield, Ms. Clark, Rufus W., Brooklyn, N. Y. Clark, Sereno D. , Sunderland, Ms. Clark, Solomon, Canton, Ms. Clark, Sumner, Wolf boro, N. H. Clark, Theo. J., Cummington, Ms. Clark, William, Amherst, N. H. Clark, Wm. B., No. Cornwall, Ct. Clark, W. F., Waukesha, Wis. Clarke, Benjamin F. , Winchendon, Ms. Clarke, Edward, Ashfield, Ms. Clarke, T. S., Franklin, N. Y. Clarke, E. W., North Evans, N. Y. Clarke, Walter, D.D., Hartford, Ct. Clarke, William, Siracoe, C. W. Clarke, W. F., London, C. W. Clarke, AV. S. , Manchester, Mich. Clarv, D.,Beloit,Wis. Clary, T. F., Ashland, Ms. Cleaveland, Edw. , Barton, Vt. Cleaveland, E. L., D.D., New Haven, Ct. Cleaveland, G. B., Arkport, N. Y. Cleaveland, James B. , So. Egremont, Ms. Cleaveland, John P., D.D., Lowell, Ms. Clement, Jon., D.D., Woodstock, Vt. Clift, WiUiam, Stonington, Ct. Climie, John, Bowmanville, C. W. Clinton, 0. P., Mena.sha, Wis. Clisbee, Edw. P., Berea, Ms. Cloyes, D. , So. Reading, Ms. Cobb, Alvan, Taunton, Ms. Cobb, Asahel, Sandwich, Ms. Cobb, H. W., McLean, 111. Cobb, Leander, Marion, Ms. Cobb, L. Henry, No. Andovcr, Ms. Cobb, Nathaniel, Kingston, Ms. Cochran, Jonathan, Glenville, Min. Cochran, Robert, Austinburg, 0. Cochran, Samuel D. , Princeton, 111. Cochran, Sylvester, Northville, Mich. Cochran, W. , Baraboo, Wis. Coe, Noah, New Preston Hill, Ct. Coe, Samuel G., Danbury, Ct. Coe, Truman, Kirtland, O. Coe, Wales, Cra wfordsville , lo. Coggin, William S. , Boxford, Ms. Cogswell, Elliot C, New Boston, N. H. Cogswell, Nathaniel, Carver, Ms. Colburn, Moses M. , So. Dedham, Ms. Colby, John, Hampton, N. H. Cole, Albert, Cornish, Me. Cole, Samuel, Weymouth, 0. Cole, S. G., Center, Wis. Coleman, E. Westfield, N. Y. Coleman, E. B. , Lamoile, 111. Coleman, W. L. , Staceyville, lo. Collie, Joseph, Delavan, Wis. Collins, Aug. B. Collins, Wm. H., la. Salle, HI. Colman, Eben, Lamoile, III. Colton, Aaron M., liist Hampton, Ms. Colton, Erastus, West Haven, Ct. Colton, Henry M., Middletown, Ct. Colton, T. G., Monson, Ms. Coltrine, N. P., Round Prairie, 111. Comings, E. J., Gustavus, 0. Comstock, David C, Stamford, a. Conant, J. H., Monmouth, Me. Conant, Liba, Hebron, N. H. tbndit, Uzal W. , Deerfield, N. H. Ccmdon, Thos., Grand Prairie, Oregon. Cone, Augustus, Brighton, 0.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MINISTERS.
53
Cone, C. H., Indian Orchard, Ms.
Cone, L. H., Chicopee, Ms.
Cone, K. G., Sherman, Ct.
Conklin, L. Freeport, Me.
Conklin, R. H., Providence, R. I.
Connit, Geo. W. , Deep River, Ct.
Converse, John K., Burlington, Vt.
Cook, Chauncey, Ottawa, 111.
Cook, EUsha W., Haydenville, Ms.
Cook, Jos. T. , Des Moines, lo.
Cook, J. B., Wells, Me.
Cook, N. B., Mystic, Ct.
Cook, Russei S. , New York.
Cook, Stephen, Austin, Min.
Cook, Theodore, Menasha, Wis.
Cooke, Parsons, D.D. , I-ynn, Ms.
Cooke, Theodore, Woonsocket, R. I.
Cooley, Henry, Springfield, Ms.
Cooler, 0. W. , Newpoi-t, Wis.
Cooley, Tim. M., D.D., Granville, Ms.
CooUdge, A. H. , Leicester, Ms.
Cooper, Jos. C. , Salem, lo.
Copeland, J., Topeka, K. T.
Copp, Joseph A., Chelsea, Ms.
Cordell, J. G., Pine Grove, N. Y.
Cordley, Chris. M., Randolph, Ms.
Corey, John, Chesterfield, Ms.
Cornell, Wm. M., Boston, Ms.
Corning, W. H. , Owego, N. Y.
Corser, Enoch, Boscawen, N. H.
Cottrell, G. W., Newbury, Wis.
Couch, Paul, North Bridgewater, Ms.
Co wles, Chauncey D. , Buffalo, N. Y.
Cowles, Henry, Oberlin, 0.
Cowles, John P. , Ipswicli, Ms.
Cowles, Orson, North Haven, Ct.
Craig, Wheelock, New Bedford, Ms.
Craig, H. K., Bucksport, Me.
Crane, Ethan B. , Saybrook,Ct.
Ciane, Isaac C. , Dundee, Mich.
Ci-ane, James B. , Middletown, Ct.
Crane, Jonathan, Attleboro, Ms.
Ci-awford, Robert, Deerfield, Ms.
Cressey, G. W. , Buxton Center, Me.
Crosby, Josiah P., Ashburnham, Ms.
Cross, G.,Richville,N.Y.
Cross, J. M., Fisherville, N. H.
Cross, Joseph W. , West Boylston, JIs.
Cross, Moses K., Tipton, lo.
Crossett, Robert, Pembroke, N. H.
Cummings, Jacob, Exeter, N. H.
Cummings, Henry, Newport, N. H.
Cummings, Preston, Leicester, Ms.
Cundall, Isaac N. , Rosendale, Wis.
Cunningham, John, Gainesville, N. Y.
Curtice, Corban, Sanbornton Bridge, N. II.
Curtis, C. D. Coolville, 0.
Curtis, J. Charlestown, Ms.
Curtis, Jonathan, Woodstock, Ct.
Curtis, Lucius, Colchester, Ct.
Curtis, 0. F., Emerald Grove, Wis.
Curtiss, Daniel C. , Fort Atkinson, Wis.
Curtiss, Erastus, New Salem, Ms.
Curtiss, Saml. J., Union, Ct.
Curtiss, Wm. B. , Huntington, Ct.
Gushing, Christopher, North Brookfield, Ms.
Gushing, James R., Eiast Taunton, Ms.
Gushing, D. , Bristol, Me.
Cushman, D. , Warren, Me.
Cushman, Job, No. Truro, Ms.
Cushman, M. If., Raymondville, N. Y.
Cushman, Rufus S. , Orwell, Vt.
Cutler, B. B., La\\Tenceville, N. Y.
Cutler, Chas., Francestown, N. H.
Cutler, Ebenezer, Worcester, Ms.
Cutter, Adonijah H. , Nelson, N. H.
Cutter, E. F.,' Belfast, Me.
Daggett, Oliver E. , D.D. , Canandaigua, N. Y.
Dagget, Thos. Groveland, Ms.
Dana, Gideon, Oberlin, 0.
Dana, J. Jay, Adams, Ms. Darling, George, Wiscasset, Me. Darling, S. D., Brookfield, Wis. Darling, Timothy.
Darling, , Fowlerville, N. Y.
Dashiell, Alfred H. , jr. , Stockbridge, Ms.
Davenpcrt, Wm., Strong, Me.
Davidson, D. B. , Monona, lo.
Davidson, J., Speedsville, N. Y.
Da vies, David, Parishville, 0.
Davies, James, Cambria, 0.
Davies, John, Spring Green, Wis.
Davies, John A. , Oakhill, 0.
Davies, Tlios. F., Reading, Ct.
Davis, Emer.son, D.D., Westfield, Ms.
Davis, Franklin, North Wrentham, Ms.
Davis, J., Fairlee, Vt.
Davis, Increase S., Wentworth, N, H.
Davis, Josiah G., Amherst, N, H.
Davis, Timothy, Kingston, Ma.
Davis, T. W.,Tyn-rhos, 0.
Davis, W. P., Rochester, Wis.
Day, Hiram, Manchester Station, Ct.
Day, Jeremiah, D.D. , New Haven, Ct.
Day, Pliny, B., HolUs, N. H.
Day, Samuel, Bellows Falls, Vt.
Day, Warren, Wauwatosa, Wis.
Dean, Artemas, Chelsea, Vt.
Deering, Kendall, Gilead, Me.
Delamater, T. H. Brighton, 0.
Delano, Samuel, Stratford, Vt.
Delavan, G. E. , Makquoketa, lo.
Demond, Elijah, Mendon, Ms.
Dempsey, William, Middlebury, 0.
Deuham, George, Barre, Ms.
Denison, A. C. Leicester, Ms.
Denison, W. C. , Kalamazoo, Mich.
Dennen, Stephen R., Watertown, Ms.
Dennis, Rodney G. , Gratton, 5Is.
Denney, H. , Garafraxa, C. W.
De Voe, Lsaac, Canaan, Ct.
Dewey, Chester, D.D., Rochester, N. Y.
Dewey, Wm. Churchville, N. Y.
Dexter, Henry M. , Boston, Ms.
Dickinson, D. S. , Barrington, 111.
Dickinson, Erastus, Sudbury, Ms.
Dickinson, E. F. , Chicago, ill.
Dickinson, James T. , Durham, Ct.
Dickinson, Joel L. , Plainville, Ct.
Dickinson, Noadiah S., Chatham, Ms.
Dickinson, Obed, Salem, Oregon.
Dickinson, Wm. C. , Middleboro, Ms.
Dickinson, W. T. , Eastport, Me.
Dill, James H. , Spencerport, N. Y.
Dilley, A. B., Bangor, N. Y.
Dilly,S., Avon, 111.
Diman, S. L., Fall River, Ms.
Dimmick, Luther F., D.D., Newburyp't, Ms.
Dinsmore, John, Northampton, N. H.
Dixon, A. M. , Patch Grove, Wis.
Dixon, Hiiam H. , Fox Lake, Wis.
Dixon, J. T. , Metamora, 111.
Dixon, Wm. E. Ellington, a.
Dodd, John, No. Bridgton, Me.
Dodd, S. G., Spencer, Ms.
Dodge, Benjamin, Kendall's Mills, Me.
Dodge, Jolin, Harvard, Ms.
Dodge, Joshua, Moultonborough, N. H.
Dodge, Wm. B., Millburn; III.
Doe, Franklin B. , Lancaster, Ms.
Doe, Walter P., Providence, R. I.
Doldt, James, Milton, N. H.
Dole, George T. , Lanesboro, Ms.
Donaldson, A., Dover, 111.
Donaldson, C. B., Wysox, Bl.
Doolittle, Edgar J., Chester, a.
Dorman, Ebenezer H., Swanton, Vt.
Dougherty, James, Johnson, Vt.
Douglass, Eben., Uldtown, Me.
Douglass, J., Rutland, N. Y.
54
CONGREGATIONAL YEAR-BOOK.
Douglass, J. A., Waterford, Me. Dow, E., Monument, Ms. Dow, J. M. H., Washington, R. I. Downer, J., ChesterBelJ, 111. Downs, Azel, Howell Depot, N. Y. Downs, Charles A., Lebanon, N. H. Downs, H. S. , Noridgewock, Mo. Dowse, Edmund, Sherburne, Ms. Drake, A. J., Oswego, 111. Drake, Cyrus B. , Royalton, Vt. Drake, S. S., Woolwich, Me. Dreser, Amos, Orwell, 0. Druramond, James, Lewiston Falls, Me. Dudley, J. L., Middletown, Ct. Dudley, John, Danville, Vt. Dudley, Martin, Easton, Ct. Bu£f, A., Brome, C. E. Duncan, A. G., Freetown, Ms. Duncan, T. W., Chilmark, Ms. Duncanson, A., Sandusky City, 0. Dunkerly, D. , Durham, C. E. Dunn, R. C, Toulon, III. Dunning, Andrew, Thompson, Ct. Dunning, H. N., Gloversville, N. Y. Durant, Henry, Oakland, Cal. Duren, Charles, Sheldon, Vt. Durfee, Calvin, Williamstown, Ms. Durfee, S. B. , Peacedale, K. I. Durrant, J., StoufTville, C. W. Dutton,S. W. S., D.D., New Haven, Ct. Dutton, Thos., Guilford, Ct. Dwight, Edward S. , Amherst, Ms. Dwight, John, North Wrentham, Ms. Dwight, T. M., Franklin, 0. Dwight, W. T., D.D., Portland, Me. Dwinell, Israel E. , Salem, Ms. Dwinnell, Solomon A., Reedsburg, Wis. Dyer, David, Albany, N. Y. Dyer, E. Porter, Hinghara, Ms. Dyer, Francis, Middlefield, Ct. Eastman, David, Leverett, Ms. Ea.stman, John, Danville, Vt. Eastman, Lucius R. , Berkley, Ms. Eastman, M. L. , Ogdensburg, N. Y. Eaton, D. L., Howell, Mich. Eaton, Jos. M. R., Hennicker, N. H. Eaton, Joshua, Isle au Haut, Me. Eaton, S. W., Bee Town, Wis. Ebbs, Edward, Hamilton, C. W. Eddy, Cliauncey, Lanesboro, Ms. Eddy, Hiram, Canaan, Ct. Eddy, Z. , Birmingham, Ct. Edgell, John Q. A., Andover, Ms. Edson, H. K., Denmark, lo. Edson, S. W., Granville,